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Question
Compare and contrast the development of India, China and Pakistan with respect to some salient human development indicators.
Solution
The following are the indicators of human development:
i. Life Expectancy
ii. Adult Literacy Rate
iii. Infant Mortality Rate
iv. Percentage of the population below poverty line
v. GDP per capita
vi. Percentage of the population having access to improved sanitation
vii. Percentage of the population having access to improved water sources.
On the basis of individual indices of these parameters, a Human Development Index (HDI) was constructed. The higher the value of HDI, higher will be the level of growth and development of a country. The rankings are accorded to the countries as per their HDI. China ranked 81, India 128th and Pakistan 136th. High ranking of China is due to the higher GDP per capita. Moreover, the one-child norm led to sustained rise in the GDP, consequently, China was ranked higher than India and Pakistan in HDI.
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Read the following text carefully and answer the questions given below:
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Green investment and sustainability are priorities in public policy. India has emerged as a global leader at the front of climate change. India has pledged to seek solutions for the future. Government schemes and policies such as Swachh Bharat Mission, Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana, Smart Cities, and Deen Dayal Upadhyay Gram Jyoti Yojana among other, all contribute towards achieving sustainable development. The government has contributed to maintain economic growth by introducing and implementing various policies and measures relating to sustainable development, climate change, energy efficiency and air pollution. Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana Scheme, has actively contributed to cleaner air. It has resulted in drastic reduction of respiratory diseases and ultimately death as per a recent medical report. The Jal Jeevan Mission was launched with the objective of achieving water security. We have seen 68 percent decline in the size of population of various animal species and amphibian over the last 60 years. The issue of green house gases and rising temperature of the earth are a global concern. India is one of those countries that will be affected by the over 2 degree celsius rise in global temperature. 'India has already taken a lot of steps in the area of innovation and development of different production methodologies which are environmentally friendly in the long run'. |
- State and discuss any two steps involved in attaining sustainable development in India.
- From the given text, state any two factors which challenged the carrying capacity of the environment.
