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Question
Consider the following substances:
NaCl, Ca(OH)2, NaHCO3, NH3, Na2CO3, H2O, Cl2, CO2, CaSO4.2H2O, 2CaSO4.H2O, CaOCl2
Which four substances are utilised in the production of washing soda?
Solution
NaCl, NH3, H2O, CO2 are utilised in the production of washing soda.
The chemical reaction involved can be shown in three steps:
i) Production of sodium hydrogen carbonate:
NaCl + NH3 + H2O + CO2 → NaHCO3 +NH4Cl
ii) Production of anhydrous sodium carbonate upon heating sodium hydrogen carbonate:
2NaHCO3 → Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2O
iii) Production of hydrated sodium carbonate when anhydrous sodium carbonate is dissolved in water:
Na2CO3 + 10H2O → Na2CO3.10H2O
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