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Question
Differentiate between the Zamindari system and the Raiyatwari system with regard to the consequence on agricultural prosperity.
Solution
Under the British, the zamindars were given more control over land than they had before. Since the colonisers also imposed heavy land revenue (taxes) on agriculture, the zamindars extracted as much produce or money as they could from the cultivators. One result of this zamindari system was that agricultural production stagnated or declined during much of the period of British rule.
In the Raiyatwari system, the ‘actual cultivators’ rather than the zamindars were responsible for paying the tax. Because the colonial government dealt directly with the farmers or landlords, the burden of taxation was less and cultivators had more incentive to invest in agriculture. As a result, these areas became relatively more productive and prosperous.
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