Sociology Sample 2022-2023 Commerce (English Medium) Class 12 Question Paper Solution

“Famines were also a major and recurring source of increased mortality.” Which of the following is not a cause of famines?

Continuing poverty and malnutrition in an agro-climatic environment.

Inadequate means of transport and communication.

Failure of entitlements

Increasing birth rates

Assertion(A): The Population Pyramid shows a bulge in the middle age groups, due to the opportunity provided by the demographic structure.

Reason(R): This is due to the high birth rate in the middle age groups.

Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

A is true but R is false.

A is false and R is true.

The interaction of the tribal communities with the mainstream has generally been on terms unfavourable for the tribals. Many tribal identities today are centred on ideas of ______ to the overwhelming force of the non-tribal world.

Resistance and cooperation

Cooperation and opposition

Resistance and opposition

Movement and opposition

Assertion(A): Tribes are pristine societies uncontaminated by civilisation.

Reason(R): Tribes should really be seen as “secondary” phenomena arising out of the exploitative and colonialist contact between pre-existing states and non-state groups like the tribals.

Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

A is true but R is false.

A is false and R is true.

Which of the following makes the Dominant Castes dominant?

1. small population
2. land rights
3. intermediate caste
4. the decisive role in regional politics

I and II

I and III

II, III, IV

I and IV

The ______ family is often seen as symptomatic of India.

Nuclear

Patriarchal

Patrilineal

Extended

The person who is refused a job because of his/her caste may be told that he/she was less qualified than others and the selection was done purely on merit. This is an example of ______.

Discrimination

Social stratification

Egalitarianism

Stereotype

A person from a well-off family can afford expensive higher education. Someone with influential relatives and friends may through access to good advice, recommendations, or information management get a well-paid job. Which of the following is true in the given context?

1. There are multiple forms of capital.
2. Different forms of capital cannot be converted into the other.
3. The forms of capital overlap.

I is false.

I and II are true.

I and III are true.

I, II, and III are true.

Historically, states have tried to establish and enhance their political legitimacy through nation-building strategies. They sought to secure the loyalty and obedience of their citizens through policies of assimilation or integration. Attaining these objectives was not easy, especially in a context of cultural diversity where citizens, in addition to their identifications with their country, might also feel a strong sense of identity with their community - ethnic, religious, linguistic, and so on.

Two nation-building strategies used were ______.

Assimilation and integration

Assimilation and Sanskritisation

Integration and Sanskritisation

Westernisation and Sanskritisation

The challenge is in reinvigorating India’s commitment to practices ______.

Pluralism

Institutional accommodation

Conflict resolution through democratic means

All of the above

While a few villages are totally absorbed in the process of expansion, only the land of many others, excluding the inhabited area, is used for urban development.

The growth of ______ cities accounts for the third type of urban impact on the surrounding villages.

Metropolitan

Small

Ghetto

Heritage

With the growth of the ______ movement in the 20th century, there was an attempt in several Indian languages to drop Sanskrit words and phrases.

Brahminical

Anti-Brahminical

Women’s

Tribal

Which of the following is not a result of contract farming?

It disengages many people from the production process.

Makes their own indigenous knowledge of agriculture irrelevant.

It is ecologically sustainable.

Caters primarily to the production of elite items.

Assertion(A): Members of low-ranked caste groups had to provide labour for a fixed number of days per year to the village zamindar.

Reason(R): Lack of resources and dependence on the landed caste for economic and social support meant that many working poor were tied to landowners in hereditary labour relationships.

Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

A is true but R is false.

A is false and R is true.

Women are also emerging as the main source of agricultural labour leading to ______ labour force.

Feminization of agriculture

Womanisation of agriculture

Reformation of agriculture

Restoration of agriculture

“The spate of farmers’ suicides that has been occurring in different parts of the country since 1997-98 can be linked to the ‘agrarian distress’ caused by structural changes in agriculture and changes in economic and agricultural policies. Which of the following is not a reason for agrarian distress?

Changed cropping pattern

Changing patterns of landholdings

Heavy migration to cities

Shift to cash crops

In outsourcing, work is allocated by ______ countries to ______ countries.

Developed, developing

Underdeveloped, developed

Developing, underdeveloped

Developing, developed

Assertion(A): Earlier architects and engineers had to be skilled draughtsmen, now the computer does a lot of the work for them.

Reason(R): The use of machinery deskills workers.

Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

A is true but R is false.

A is false and R is true.

‘Stand Up India Scheme’ and ‘Make in India’ are programs that will help realize the ______.

Benefits of a high dependency ratio

Demographic dividend

The benefit of a high death rate

The benefit of a high fertility rate

Assertion(A): In Modern Foods, 60% of the workers were forced to retire in the first five years.

Reason(R): This was due to complacency at work.

Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

A is true but R is false.

A is false and R is true.

The growth rate of India in the decade 1911-21, exhibited a diverse pattern. State two reasons.

Not all of the changes in Social Institutions brought about by the British were intended or deliberate. Give an example to justify the statement.

“In both English and Indian fictional writings, we often encounter an entire group of people classified as ‘lazy’ or ‘cunning’.” What are the problems with such a classification?

“In all regions of the world persons with disabilities face attitudinal barriers, including prejudice, low expectations, and even fear. Negative attitudes about disability impact all aspects of the lives of persons with disabilities, including the ability to access education, participate in non-exploitative work, live where and with whom one chooses, marry and start a family, and move about freely within the community.”

Suggest any two ways by which an attitudinal change can be brought about to remedy the conditions of people with disabilities.

During a communal conflict, communities construct matching but opposite mirror images of each other. Explain this statement.

The state is indeed a very crucial institution when it comes to the management of cultural diversity in a nation. How?

What is the difference between assimilationist and integrationist policies?

Using the example of Kumud Pawade, show how the process of sanskritisation is gendered.

What was unique about the social reform movements of the 19th century?

Differentiate between the Zamindari system and the Raiyatwari system with regard to the consequence on agricultural prosperity.

“In places like Bengaluru, Hyderabad, and Gurugram, where many IT firms or call centres are located, shops and restaurants have also changed their opening hours, and are open late.” Give reasons.

Industrial Society is characterised by alienation. How?

In the context of identities, why did tribal societies get more and more differentiated?

One of the most significant yet paradoxical changes in the caste system in the contemporary period is that it has tended to become ‘invisible’ for the upper caste, urban middle, and upper classes. Elaborate.

Why is it hard to define a nation?

How are capitalism and colonialism linked?

How did the Land Ceiling Act prove to be toothless in most of the states?

“The more mechanised an industry gets, the fewer people are employed.” Explain with a suitable example.

Mahatma Gandhi saw mechanisation as a danger to employees. Explain.

Differentiate between old and new social movements.

How are environmental movements also about economics and identity issues? Elaborate.

1. Give reasons for the declining sex ratio.
2. In your opinion, what steps should be taken to deal with this bias against the girl-child?

Elaborate on state and non-state initiatives addressing caste and tribal discrimination.

What are the major issues of concern to Adivasis today?