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Question
Discuss the trend of the following:
The solubility and the nature of oxides of Group 2 elements.
Solution
All the alkaline earth metals form oxides of formula MO. The oxides are very stable due to high lattice energy and are used as refractory material. Except BeO (predominantly covalent), all other oxides are ionic and their lattice energy decreases as the size of cation increases.
The oxides are basic and basic nature increases from BeO to BaO (due to increasing ionic nature).
`ubrace(BeO <)_("Amphoteric") ubrace(MgO <)_("Weakly basic") ubrace(CaO < SrO < BaO)_("Strongly basic")`
BeO dissolves both in acid and alkalies to give salts and is amphoteric.
The oxides of the alkaline earth metals (except BeO and MgO) dissolve in water to form basic hydroxides and evolve a large amount of heat. BeO and MgO possess high lattice energy and thus are insoluble in water.
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