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Question
Distinguish between a sigma and a pi bond.
Solution
The following are the differences between sigma and pi-bonds:
| Sigma (σ) Bond | Pi (π) Bond |
| It is formed by the end to end overlap of orbitals | It is formed by the lateral overlap of orbitals. |
| The orbitals involved in the overlapping are s-s, s-p, or p-p | These bonds are formed by the overlap of p–p orbitals only |
| It is a strong bond. | It is weak bond. |
| The electron cloud is symmetrical about the line joining the two nuclei. | The electron cloud is not symmetrical. |
| It consists of one electron cloud, which is symmetrical about the internuclear axis. | There are two electron clouds lying above and below the plane of the atomic nuclei. |
| Free rotation about σ bonds is possible. | Rotation is restricted in case of pi-bonds. |
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\[\begin{array}{cc}
\phantom{.....}\ce{O}\\
\phantom{.....}||\\
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