Question

Examine the importance of the AVPU scale (alert, voice, pain, unresponsive) as a means of first aid for concussion. 

Answer 1

The AVPU scale - Alert, Voice, Pain, Unresponsive.

A - Alert: Are they alert? Do their eyes respond to the moving objects around them?

V - Voice: Do they respond to voice? Can they answer simple questions and respond to instructions?

P - Pain: If they are not alert or not responding to voice - do they respond to pain? Try pinching them - do they move or open their eyes?

U - Unresponsive: Do they respond to questions or to a gentle shake?

If the victim passes the AVPU (Alert, Voice, Pain, Unresponsive) test then he is alert and responsive and his head injury is probably mild, but you should wait with him until he recovers.

If the victim does not pass the above test then he may be partially or fully unresponsive and his head injury could be severe. Call for an ambulance and explain his response to the AVPU test. If the victim loses responsiveness at any point, open his airway, check his breathing, and prepare to treat someone who becomes unresponsive. While waiting for an ambulance, keep checking his breathing, pulse, and any other changes in his level of response.