Question

Examine the role of the Constitution in the Federal System of India in two points.

Answer 1

1. Establishment of a Union of States: The Constitution of India, adopted in 1950, declared India as a "Union of States". Though the term "federation" is not explicitly used, the Indian Union is based on the principles of federalism. This establishment allows for a two-tier system of government (later expanded to include a third tier with Panchayats and Municipalities) where the Union Government represents the entire country, and the State governments have authority over their respective regions. This division ensures both unity and diversity by granting autonomy to states in certain matters while retaining the integrity of the nation as a whole.

2. Distribution of Powers: The Constitution provides a clear three-fold distribution of legislative powers between the Union and State Governments, categorizing them into the Union List, State List, and Concurrent List. This detailed delineation ensures that subjects of national importance (like defence, foreign affairs, and banking) are under the Union government's purview, whereas subjects of state and local importance (such as police, agriculture, and trade) fall under the state governments. The Concurrent List allows for both levels of government to make laws on shared subjects, ensuring a balance that accommodates regional diversity while maintaining national unity.