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Question
Explain the causes of European crusades.
Solution
- The failure of the Christian Crusaders can be attributed to the attitude of the Pope and the European rulers, who initiated the Crusades mainly for their own vested interests.
- Besides, other factors like common people losing faith, the rift between the Pope and the European kings, the dispute between the Pope and the German Emperor, and non-cooperation by the Emperor of Byzantium also caused the failure of the crusades.
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Read the source given below and answer the questions that follow.
“There cannot be any divided loyalty” Govind Ballabh Pant argued that in order to become loyal citizens people had to stop focusing only on the community and the self: For the success of democracy one must train himself in the art of self-discipline. In democracies, one should care less for himself and more for others. There cannot be any divided loyalty. All loyalties must exclusively be centred around the State. If in a democracy, you create rival loyalties, or you create a system in which any individual or group, instead of suppressing his extravagance, cares nought for larger or other interests, then democracy is doomed. |
- How did G.B Pant encourage citizens to make a unified nation?
- Why did he urge citizens for loyal towards nation?
- How was loyalty considered the base of the social pyramid?
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