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Question
Explain the exchange reactions of deuterium.
Solution
When compounds containing hydrogen are treated with D2O, hydrogen undergoes an exchange for deuterium. This reaction is known as the exchange reaction of deuterium.
\[\ce{2NaOH + D2O -> 2NaOD + HOD}\]
\[\ce{HCl + D2O -> DCl + HOD}\]
\[\ce{NH4Cl + 4D2O -> ND4Cl + 4HOD}\]
These exchange reactions are useful in determining the number of ionic hydrogens present in a given compound. For example, when D2O is treated with hypo-phosphorus acid only one hydrogen atom is exchanged with deuterium. It indicates that it is a monobasic acid.
\[\ce{H3PO2 + D2O -> H2DPO2 + HDO}\]
It is also used to prepare some deuterium compounds:
\[\ce{Al4C3 + 12D2O -> 4Al(OD)3 + 3CD4}\]
\[\ce{CaC2 + 2D2O -> Ca(OD)2 + C2D2}\]
\[\ce{Mg3N2 + 6D2O -> 3Mg(OD)2 + 2ND3}\]
\[\ce{Ca3P2 + 6D2O -> 3Ca(OD)2 + 2PD3}\]
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