Question

Explain the following concept with examples:

Urbanisation

Answer 1

Urbanisation refers to the growth and expansion of cities and towns as people migrate from rural areas in search of better living conditions, employment opportunities, and improved infrastructure. It involves the transformation of villages and small towns into urban centers with modern facilities such as industries, transportation, healthcare, and education.

Urbanisation occurs due to industrialization, economic development, and better job prospects in urban areas. However, overcrowding, pollution, and lack of resources are some challenges that arise due to rapid urbanisation.

Examples:

1. Industrial Revolution (18th-19th Century): The Industrial Revolution in Europe and America led to mass migration from villages to cities like London, Manchester, and New York, where industries flourished.
2. Mumbai, India: Mumbai, initially a small fishing village, became one of India's largest metropolitan cities due to industrialization, the film industry, and financial institutions.
3. Shanghai, China: Shanghai transformed from a small trading town into a global economic hub due to rapid industrial and technological advancements.