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Question
Explain the following process:
Polarisation of the membrane of a nerve fibre
Solution
- Polarisation of a nerve fibre's membrane: In a resting (non-conducting impulse) nerve fibre, the plasma membrane divides two solutions with distinct chemical compositions but about the same total number of ions. The exterior medium (tissue fluid) is dominated by sodium ions (Na+) and Cl- ions, while potassium ions (K+) dominate the intracellular fluid.
- The differential flow of positively charged ions, along with the difficulty of negatively charged organic (protein) ions within the nerve fibre to exit, causes an increasing positive charge on the outside of the membrane and a negative charge on the inside.
- This causes the resting nerve fibre's membrane to become polarised, with the extracellular fluid outside being electropositive (positively charged) in comparison to the cell contents within.
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