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Question
Give balanced equations for the following reactions:
(i) Acetaldehyde is heated with hydroiodic acid in the presence of red phosphorous.
(ii) Calcium acetate is subjected to dry distillation.
(iii) Sodium ethoxide is treated with ethyl bromide.
(iv) Benzaldehyde is treated with sodium bisulphite.
Solution 1
(i)
\[\ce{\underset{\text{Acetaldehyde}}{CH3CHO} + 4HI ->[red P][\Delta]\underset{\text{Ethane}}{CH3CH3} + H2O + 2I2}\]
(ii)
\[\ce{\underset{\text{Calcium acetate}}{(CH3COO)2Ca} ->[\Delta]\underset{\text{Acetone}}{CH3COCH3} + CaCO3}\]
(iii)
\[\ce{\underset{\text{Sodium ethoxide}}{C2H5ONa} + \underset{\text{Ethylbromide}}{C2H5Br} -> \underset{\text{Diethylether}}{C2H5OC2H5} + NaBr}\]
(iv)
\[\begin{array}{cc}
\phantom{.................................}\ce{H}\\
\phantom{.................................}|\\
\ce{\underset{\text{Benzaldehyde}}{C6H5CHO} + \underset{\text{Sodium bisulphite}}{NaHSO3} -> C6H5-C-OH}\\
\phantom{................................}|\\
\phantom{.....................................}\ce{\underset{\text{Benzaldehyde sodium bisulphite}}{SO3Na}}
\end{array}\]
Solution 2
(i)
\[\ce{\underset{\text{Acetaldehyde}}{CH3CHO} + 4HI ->[red P][\Delta]\underset{\text{Ethane}}{CH3CH3} + H2O + 2I2}\]
(ii)
\[\ce{\underset{\text{Calcium acetate}}{(CH3COO)2Ca} ->[\Delta]\underset{\text{Acetone}}{CH3COCH3} + CaCO3}\]
(iii)
\[\ce{\underset{\text{Sodium ethoxide}}{C2H5ONa} + \underset{\text{Ethylbromide}}{C2H5Br} -> \underset{\text{Diethylether}}{C2H5OC2H5} + NaBr}\]
(iv)
\[\begin{array}{cc}
\phantom{.................................}\ce{H}\\
\phantom{.................................}|\\
\ce{\underset{\text{Benzaldehyde}}{C6H5CHO} + \underset{\text{Sodium bisulphite}}{NaHSO3} -> C6H5-C-OH}\\
\phantom{................................}|\\
\phantom{.....................................}\ce{\underset{\text{Benzaldehyde sodium bisulphite}}{SO3Na}}
\end{array}\]
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