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Question
Give reasons Dioxygen is a gas while Sulphur is a solid at room temperature.
Solution
An oxygen atom is smaller in size as compared to the sulphur atom. Due to its smaller size, oxygen can effectively form pπ-pπ bonds and exist as O2 (O=O) molecule. Also, the intermolecular forces in oxygen are weak Van der Waal's forces, due to which it exists as a gas. On the other hand, sulphur does not form M2 molecule but exists as a puckered structure held together by strong covalent bonds. Hence, it is a solid at room temperature.
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