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Question
How can \[\ce{D2O}\] be prepared from water? Mention the physical properties in which \[\ce{D2O}\] differs from \[\ce{H2O}\]. Give at least three reactions of \[\ce{D2O}\] showing the exchange of hydrogen with deuterium.
Solution
\[\ce{D2O}\] can be prepared by prolonged electrolysis of water. Due to high molecular mass D2O differs from water.
\[\ce{NaOH + D2O -> NaOD + HOD}\]
\[\ce{HCl + D2O -> DCl + HOD}\]
\[\ce{NH4Cl + D2O -> NH3DCl + HOD}\]
Physical Properties of \[\ce{H2O}\] and \[\ce{D2O}\]
|
Property |
\[\ce{H2O}\] |
\[\ce{D2O}\] |
|
Molecular mass (g mol–1) |
18.015 |
20.0276 |
|
Melting point/K |
273.0 |
276.8 |
|
Boiling point/K |
373.0 |
374.4 |
|
Enthalpy of formation/kJ mol–1 |
– 285.9 |
– 294.6 |
|
Enthalpy of Vaporisation (373 K)/kJ mol–1 |
40.66 |
41.61 |
|
Enthalpy of fusion/kJ mol–1 |
6.01 |
– |
|
Temp of max. density/K |
276.98 |
284.2 |
|
Density (298 K)/g cm–3 |
1.0000 |
1.1059 |
|
Viscosity/centipoise |
0.8903 |
1.107 |
|
Dielectric constant |
78.39 |
78.06 |
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