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Question
How do you distinguish between hypogeal germination and epigeal germination? What is the role of cotyledon (s) and the endosperm in the germination of seeds?
Solution
| Hypogeal Germination | Epigeal Germination |
| Epicotyl elongation and rapid growth. | Elongation of the hypocotyl and rapid development. |
| Cotyledons are plants that live in the soil. | Cotyledons are plants that grow above the ground. |
| Cotyledons tend to be non-green and non-photosynthetic. | Cotyledons turn green and start photosynthesizing. |
| Examples: Bean, Castor. | Examples: Rice, Maize. |
The Role of Cotyledons and Endosperm: Cotyledons and endosperm serve as a food storage system. During germination, the food in them becomes accessible to the embryo. The seedling starts photosynthesis when the first set of leaves emerges. Endosperm and cotyledons provide food until then.
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