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Question
How is methane prepared in the laboratory?
Solution
Reactants: Sodium ethanoate (sodium acetate) and soda lime.
Since sodium hydroxide is deliquescent, soda lime (a mixture of sodium hydroxide and calcium oxide) is used, which is in the form of a white porous mass or granules.
Procedure: A mixture of sodium ethanoate (sodium acetate) and soda lime is taken in a hard glass test tube (as shown in Fig.) and heated over a Bunsen burner.
Reaction:
\[\ce{\underset{acetate}{\underset{sodium}{CH3COONa}} + \underset{hydroxide}{\underset{sodium}{NaOH}} ->[CaO,300^\circ C] \underset{carbonate}{\underset{Sodium}{Na2CO3}} + \underset{Methane}{CH4}}\]
Collection: The gas evolved is collected by downward displacement of water since it is slightly soluble in water and is lighter than air.
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