Question

How is the per capita consumption of electricity considered as an index of development? Explain with examples.

Answer 1

Per capita electricity consumption is often considered an index of development because it reflects how much energy each person in a country uses on average. Here's why it's seen as important:

1. Access to Energy: Developed countries require more electricity due to the increased availability of power-dependent appliances, devices, and technologies. In homes, electricity is used for lighting, heating, cooking, and powering electronics such as TVs and laptops. In industries, electricity is essential for running machinery and production operations. Higher per capita power usage indicates increased access to modern amenities and technologies.
2. Economic Activity: Industries and enterprises utilise significant amounts of electricity. Higher per capita consumption may imply a strong industrial sector and economic activity. Countries with strong manufacturing, technology, and service industries typically use more electricity per person. This indicates that people are employed, businesses are expanding, and the economy is improving.
3. Quality of Life: Increased electricity consumption can result in a better quality of living. It provides access to luxuries like air conditioning, refrigeration, entertainment, and communication gadgets, enhancing comfort and convenience. 
   For example, in developed nations, people have access to air conditioning in homes and offices, which is essential for comfort in hot climates. Similarly, refrigeration allows for the preservation of food, reducing food spoilage and improving nutrition.
   
4. Infrastructure Development: Establishing and sustaining a dependable power infrastructure necessitates substantial investment and technological proficiency. Elevated per capita electricity usage signifies that a nation has committed resources to the development and upkeep of a resilient energy infrastructure, encompassing power generation facilities, transmission systems, and distribution networks. This infrastructure facilitates economic expansion, employment generation, and comprehensive development.
   High per capita energy consumption can be a favourable indicator of progress, but it is not the only one. Sustainable development includes elements such as energy efficiency, renewable energy uptake, environmental effect, and social equality.
   Consequently, although energy consumption is a crucial element of development, it must be harmonised with sustainability and environmental stewardship considerations.