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Question
How money multiplier is related to Legal Reserve Ratio?
Solution
- The relationship between the Money Multiplier and the Legal Reserve Ratio (LRR) can be expressed through the following formula:
Money Multiplier = `1/"LRR"` - The money multiplier is inversely related to the LRR. A greater LRR requires banks to maintain higher percentages of deposits as reserves, reducing their ability to lend and thus reducing the money multiplier. Conversely, a lower LRR allows banks to lend out more deposits, resulting in a bigger money multiplier.
For example, if the LRR is 10% (0.1), the money multiplier would be:
Money Multiplier = `1/0.1 = 10`
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Access to adequate and timely credit at affordable rates is critical for the rural poor to alleviate high cost debt and invest in livelihood opportunities. Despite the Government of India's best efforts, financial inclusion of the rural poor has been beset with multiple challenges. Lack of adequate banking infrastructure and human resources in rural areas, unplanned expansion leading to unviable bank branches and low levels of financial literacy amongst the rural populace have been some of the key challenges.
The most vulnerable communities, who often had no formal credit history or ability to provide collateral, have often been the worst affected. Inability to access loans from banks meant that the poorest had to resort to moneylenders for loans at unreasonably high rates of interest that invariably led them into a toxic debt trap.
In this context, the SHG-Bank Linkage programme, formalised by the National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) in 1995, synthesizes 'formal financial systems' (in terms of a formal institution providing credit) with the 'informal sector' (comprising of rural poor with no formal credit history), has emerged as a preferred vehicle for providing financial services to the hitherto unbanked poor.
Community Based Repayment Mechanisms (CBRMs) have been institutionalised at branches involved in financing SHGs to monitor and ensure timely repayment of loans by SHGs. The number of SHGs with outstanding bank loans stands at nearly 5 million today, implying that the program has brought formal banking services to over 50 million women.
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Deposits made by the people from their own resources are called ______.
Credit money is increased when CRR:
Match the following and select the correct option.
| Column A | Column B | ||
| (i) | A deposit created by a customer | A. | Term deposit |
| (ii) | A deposit created by bank when loan is granted | B. | Demand deposits |
| (iii) | Deposits payable by bank on demand | C. | Initial deposit |
| (iv) | Deposits the amount of which can be withdrawn only after a fixed period of time | D. | Secondary deposit |
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Assertion (A): Credit Creation comes to an end when total cash reserves become equal to the initial deposits.
Reason (R): The value of money multiplier is determined by Legal Reserve Ratio (LRR).
What is money multiplier?
