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Question
Imran is a forty-year-old male who complains of difficulty in breathing and other body-related symptoms. On being examined, the doctors were unable to find any medical explanation for his reported symptoms. Explain this disorder and discuss its various types.
Solution
Imran suffers from an anxiety disorder, which is characterized by an unwelcome, irrational sense of worry and dread. Along with combinations of the symptoms listed below, the anxious person may also experience rapid heartbeat, shortness of breath, diarrhoea, loss of appetite, fainting, dizziness, sweating, frequent urination, sleeplessness, and trembling.
The five main types of anxiety disorders are as follows:
- Generalized Anxiety Disorder: This condition is characterized by persistent, nebulous, intense, unexplained fears that are accompanied by hypervigilance and motor tension.
- Panic Disorder: In addition to unpredictable "panic attacks" and physiological symptoms like breathlessness, palpitations, trembling, dizziness, and a sense of losing control or even dying, it includes frequent anxiety attacks marked by feelings of intense terror and dread.
- Specific Phobia: This entails irrational aversions to particular things, social interactions, and a variety of strange situations. Consider hydrophobia (fear of water).
- Separation Anxiety Disorder: Extreme distress associated with being pregnant or going through a separation from one's home or other important people to whom they are profoundly attached is referred to as this disorder.
- Other disorders: This category of disorders includes disorders like selective mutism, anxiety disorders brought on by drugs or alcohol, anxiety disorders resulting from other medical conditions, etc.
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