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Question
Steam can react with metal and non-metal to liberate hydrogen. Give the necessary conditions and equations for the same.
Solution
With metals:
3Fe + 4H2O ⇋ Fe3O4 + 4H2
With non-metals:
Steam is passed over hot coke (1000°C) in furnaces of a special design called inverters giving water gas.
C + H2O (CO + H2) - ∆
Water is mixed with excess steam and passed over heated ferric oxide which acts as a catalyst and chromic oxide which acts as a promoter.
(CO + H2) + H2O CO2 + 2H2 + ∆
The above mixture CO2 + H2 is formed through cold water under pressure (30 atm) or through caustic potash solution, which dissolves the more soluble carbon dioxide leaving hydrogen.
2KOH + CO2 →K2CO3 + H2O
The mixture is passed through an ammoniacal cuprous chloride solution in order to dissolve any uncombined carbon monoxide.
CuCl + CO + 2H2O →CuCl.CO.2H2O
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