Question

What are oxides?  Write different types of oxides with one example each.

Answer 1

The binary compounds of oxygen with other elements are called oxides. We have studied that oxygen combines with metals and non-metals to form their respective binary oxides. In these oxides, the oxidation state of oxygen is always –2.
Simple oxides 
The simple oxides behave as acids or bases according to their dissociation in water. On the basis of acid-base characteristics, the oxides may be classified into the following four types : 
1. Acidic oxides: The oxides which combine with water to give acids are called acidic oxides. These are generally the oxides of non-metals such as carbon, sulphur, phosphorus, etc. For example

SO₂ + H₂O `rightarrow` H₂SO₃
                                          Sulphurous  Acid

CO₂ + H₂O `rightarrow` H₂CO₃
                                           Carbonic acid   

2. Basic oxides :
The oxides which combine with water to give basic solution are called basic oxides. These are mostly the oxides of metals. For example Na2O +H2O`rightarrow` 2NaOH

3)Amphoteric oxides : The oxides which show acidic as well as basic character are called amphoteric oxides. For example,

Al2O3(s) + 6HCl(aq) + 9H2O `rightarrow` 2[ Al(H2O)6]3+
(Basic)
(aq) +6 Cl-(aq)

`"Al"_2"O"_(3(s)) + 6 "NaOH"_(aq) rightarrow` 

(Basic)   

`2"Na"_3["Al"("OH")_6]_(aq)` 

4) Neutral Oxides:

Some compounds react with oxygen to form oxides which do not exhibit acidic nor basic characteristics. Such compounds are called as neutral compounds of oxygen.

Example: NO, CO.