Question

The following diagram is that of a human brain. Guidelines 1 to 5 indicate different parts of the surface of the brain and these are as follows:

1. The frontal lobe of the cerebrum
2. The temporal lobe of the cerebrum
3. The occipital lobe of the cerebrum
4. Cerebellum
5. Medulla oblongata
Study the diagram and answer the following questions:
(i) What handicaps would result from:
(a) Damage toçart numbered 3.
(b) Damage to part numbered 4.
(ii) Mention one main function of each of the parts numbered 1,2, and 5.

Answer 1

(i)
(a) The part numbered 3 is named as an occipital lobe of the cerebrum, which is the area of vision. If this part is damaged, the person is unable to see.
(b) The part numbered 4 is named as the cerebellum, which is responsible for coordinating the muscular activity for body balancing. If this part is damaged, the
body balancing during walking and running would be affected.

(ii)
The function of part 1: It governs all mental activities (reason, will, memory, intelligence, higher feelings, and emotions).
The function of part 2: It controls all voluntary action and is responsible for taste and smell.
The function of part 5: It controls several involuntary activities, such as heartbeat, breathing, the peristaltic motion of the alimentary canal, dilation and concentration of blood vessels, etc.