ICSE solutions for Biology [English] Class 10 chapter 8 - The Nervous System and Sense Organs [Latest edition]

What are the functions of the nervous system?

Explain the divisions of the nervous system.

Name three involuntary actions controlled by medulla in the hindbrain.

Explain the term: sensory nerve.

Explain the term: Motor nerve

Explain the term: Mixed nerve

What are the functions of tears?

Give the functions of the spinal cord?

How does the arrangement of nerve cells in the spinal cord differ from that in the brain?

How does an impulse travel across a synapse?

Name the part of the human brain which is concerned with the following :
(1) Seat of memory
(2) Coordinates muscular activity.

What is a reflex action?

State whether the following is

Sneezing

State whether the following is simple reflex, conditioned reflex or neither of the two.

Blushing

State whether the following is

Constriction of pupil

State whether the following is simple reflex, conditioned reflex or neither of the two.

Lifting up a book

State whether the following is simple reflex, conditioned reflex or neither of the two.

Knitting without looking

State whether the following is

The sudden application of brakes without thinking

State whether the following is

Blinking

State whether the following is

Cleaning

State whether the following is

Playing on the Keyboard

State whether the following is

Salivation when food is put in the mouth.

What type of reflex is the following?

Sweating in summer

What type of reflex is the following?

Knitting and swimming

What type of reflex is the following?

Solving mathematical sums

What type of reflex is the following?

Formation of goose-pimples in cold weather.

What type of reflex is the following?

Blinking of the eye

In what two whys is a yellow spot different from the blind spot?

What is a Lachrymal gland?

 Name the common defects of the eye.

Mention the characteristics of the image that falls on the retina of the eye.

What is meant by power of accommodation of the eye?

Name the muscles of the eye responsible for the power of accommodation.

Name an old age eye defect. Why is it caused?

What is meant by power of accommodation of the eye?

With reference to the functioning of the eye, answer the question that follow:

What is the shape of the lens during near vision?

With reference to the functioning of the eye, answer the question that follow:

What is the shape of the lens during distant vision?

With reference to the functioning of the eye, answer the question that follow:

Name the two structure in the eye responsible for bringing about the change in the shape of the lens.

With reference to the functioning of the eye, answer the question that follow:

Name the cells of the retina and its respective pigments which get activated in the dark.

With reference to the functioning of the eye, answer the question that follow:

Name the cells of the retina and its respective pigments which get activated in the light.

 What are thermoreceptors?

What is a stereoscopic vision?

What are the functions of proprioceptors?

Describe the structure and location of various taste buds.

Give Reason:

The spinal cord and brain are called the central nervous system.

Give Reason:

 Why injury to medulla oblongata results in death?

Give Reason:

Why do we see clearly in the central region of the retina?

Give Reason:

Older people require glasses to read and write.

Give Reason:

Deficiency of vitamin A causes night blindness.

Give Reason:

When you enter into a dark room from bright because of sunlight, you can not see things for a few seconds.

Give Reason:

 The hand automatically shows the direction to turn a cycle without thinking.

Give Reason:

A person after consuming alcohol walks clumsily.

Differentiate between:

A Sensory neuron and a Motor neuron (function)

Give one point of difference between the following on the basis of what is indicated:
Cerebrum and spinal cord. (Arrangement of neurons)

Differentiate between:

The middle ear and Inner ear.

Differentiate between:

Short-sightedness and Long-sightedness.

Differentiate between:

Vitreous humour and Aqueous humour.

Differentiate between:

Yellow spot and Blind spot.

Differentiate between:

Cochlea and Concha.

Differentiate between:

Rods and Cones.

Differentiate between:

Retina and Choroid.

Differentiate between:

Myopia and Hypermetropia.

Differentiate between:

Cerebrum and Cerebellum.

Differentiate between:

Afferent and Efferent Nerve.

The following diagram is that of a human brain. Guidelines 1 to 5 indicate different parts of the surface of the brain and these are as follows:

1. The frontal lobe of the cerebrum
2. The temporal lobe of the cerebrum
3. The occipital lobe of the cerebrum
4. Cerebellum
5. Medulla oblongata
Study the diagram and answer the following questions:
(i) What handicaps would result from:
(a) Damage toçart numbered 3.
(b) Damage to part numbered 4.
(ii) Mention one main function of each of the parts numbered 1,2, and 5.

The below diagram represents a longitudinal section of the human brain. Label its parts 1-9 as shown with guidelines.

The below-simplified diagram shows a section through the brain.

(i) Name the parts labeled A, B, and C.
(ii) Give one function of each of the parts A, B, and C.
(iii) What is found in region D?

The below diagram represents the human brain as seen in an external view. Study the same and then answer the questions that follow:

(i) Name the parts labeled 1, 2, 3, and 4.
(ii) Mention the difference in the arrangement of the nerve cells in the parts marked ‘1’ and ‘4’.
(iii) What is the main function of the parts marked ‘3’ and ‘4’?
(iv) Name the sheet of nerve fibers that connect the two halves of the part labeled ‘1’.

The diagram given below shows the internal structure of the spinal cord, depicting a simple reflex. Study the same and then answer the questions that follow:

(i) Name the parts numbered 1 to 5.
(ii) Using the letters of the alphabet shown in the figure indicate the direction in which an impulse enters and leaves the spinal cord.
(iii) What is the term given to the point of contact between two nerve cells?
(iv) What is meant by ‘simple reflex’ ? Give two examples of simple reflexes and name the stimuli too.
(v) How does the arrangement of nerve cells in the spinal cord differ from that in the brain?

The diagram given below represents the spinal cord of a mammal, seen in a transverse section together with the nerves. Study the diagram and then answer the questions given below:

(i) Label the parts 1—8 indicated by guidelines.
(ii) What do the arrows indicate? What is the pathway indicated termed?
(iii) What type of nerve is shown in the diagram?

The below diagram is the surface of the tongue showing the taste zone.

(i) Label the parts 1-4.
(ii) Where are the receptors for sensations of taste are located?
(iii) Why do people suffering from cold often complain that they cannot taste their food?

The diagram given below represents the cross-section of the human eye:

(i) Name the parts labeled 1—12.
(ii) What is the function of the part marked ‘10’?
(iii) What would happen if part ‘5’ is damaged or cut?

Given below is the diagram of a part of the human ear. Study the same and answer the questions that follow:

Give the collective biological term for Malleus, locus and Stapes.

Given below is a diagram of a part of the human ear. Study the same and answer the question that follow:

Name the parts labeled A, B and C in the diagram.

Given below is a diagram of a part of the human ear. Study the same and answer the question that follow:

State the functions of the parts labeled 'A' and 'B'.

Given below is a diagram of a part of the human ear. Study the same and answer the question that follow:

Name the audio receptor region present in the part labeled 'A'.

The following diagram refers to the ear of a mammal.

(i) Label the parts 1 to 10 to which the guidelines point.
(ii) Which structure:
(a) converts sound waves into mechanical vibrations?
(b) Converts vibrations into nerve impulses?
(c) Responds to change in position?
(d) Transmits impulses to the brain?
(e) Equalizes atmospheric pressure and pressure in the ear.

Given below is the diagram of the human ear. Study the same and answer the questions that follow:

(i) Give the biological term for the part labeled ‘A’ and state its function.
(ii) Name the part labeled ‘B’ and state its function.
(iii) Name the part labeled ‘C’ and state its function.
(iv) Give the function of ear wax.

The diagram given below is a representation of a certain phenomenon pertaining to the nervous system. Study the diagram and answer the following questions:

(i) Name the phenomenon which is being depicted.
(ii) Give the technical term for the point of contact between the two nerve cells.
(iii) Name the parts 1, 2, 3, and 4.
(iv) Write the functions of parts 5 and 6
(v) How does the arrangement of neurons in the spinal cord differ from that of the brain?

Study the following diagram carefully and then answer the questions that follow. The diagram is depicting a defect of the human eye :

(i) Identify the defect shown in the diagram.
(ii) Give two possible reasons for the above defect.

Given below is a diagram depicting a defect of the human eye. Study the same and answer the question that follow:

Name the defect shown in the diagram.

Given below is a diagram depicting a defect of the human eye? Study the same and answer the question that follow:

Give two possible reasons for this defect of the eye in human beings.

Given below is a diagram depicting a defect of the human eye? Study the same and answer the question that follow:

Name the parts labeled 1 to 4.

Given below is a diagram depicting a defect of the human eye? Study the same and answer the question that follow :

Name the type of lens used to correct this eye defect.

Given below is a diagrammatic representation of a defect of the human eye:

(i) Identify the defect.
(ii) Mention two reasons for the above defect.
(iii) State how the defect can be rectified.
(iv) Name the part of the eye responsible for maintaining the shape of the eyeball.

With respect to human eye explain:
(i) How is the image formed on the retina?
(ii) How is the amount of light entering the eye-controlled?
(iii) What type of lens is used for the correction of ‘Long sight’ defect?
(iv) With the help of a ray, diagram show the defect of the eye and then its correction after the use of a lens.

Given below is the diagram of the human ear. Study the diagram and then answer the questions that follow:

(i) What role does the eardrum play in hearing?
(ii) What common term is given to the parts labeled A, B, and E?
(iii) Would there be any difference if these three parts mentioned in (ii) above were replaced by one by one? Why?
(iv) Give the biological term for the parts labeled C and D.
(v) Name the fluid which fills the parts mentioned in (iv) above.
(vi) State the functions of the ear.

Draw a neat labeled diagram to show how hypermetropia can be rectified.

Draw well labeled diagram of a ‘Neuron’ and name the following parts:
(1) Node of Ranvier (2) Nissil granules (3) Cyton

Draw a labeled diagram of a myelinated neuron.

Draw a diagram of the human eye as seen in a vertical section and label the parts which suit the following descriptions relating to the:
(i) photosensitive layer of the eye.
(ii) structure which is responsible for holding the eye lens in its position.
(iii) structure which maintains the shape of the eyeball and the area of no vision.
(iv) anterior chamber seen in front of the eye lens.
(v) outermost transparent layer seen in front of the eyeball.

Draw a labeled diagram of the front view of human eye.

Draw a labeled diagram of the inner ear. Name the part of the inner ear that is responsible for static balance in human beings.

Explain the Term: Nerve

Explain the term: Mixed nerve

Explain the Term: Cyton

Explain the Term: Ganglion

Explain the Term: Voluntary-action

Explain the Term: Synapse

Explain the Term:  Reflex action

Explain the Term: Natural reflex

Explain the Term: Accommodation in the eye

Explain the Term: Hypermetropia

Explain the Term: Presbyopia

Explain the Term: Astigmatism

Explain the Term: Cataract

Name the following:
Unit of the nervous system is

Name the following:
The dorsal root ganglion of the spinal cord contain cell bodies of which type of neurons.

Name the following:
Name the bony box in which the brain is located.

Name the following:
The biological term given to the protective membranes of the brain.

Name the following:
The seat of memory and intelligence in the human brain.

Name the following:
The pigmented circular area seen in the eye.

Name the following:
The most sensitive region of the retina.

Name the following:
 The innermost layer of the eye

Name the following:
The focal length of the lens is altered by the contraction of which type of muscles.

Name the following:
The area where the image is formed but not seen by our eye is termed as.

Name the following:
The region in the eye where the rods and cones are located.

Name the following:
Yellow spot and ciliary muscles are found in.

Name the following:
The part of the eye responsible for change in the size of the pupil.

Name the following:
Fluid present in the posterior chamber of the eye.

Name the following:
The defect of the human eye caused due to the uneven surface of the cornea.

Name the following:
The type of lens used for correcting myopia.

Name the following:

The photoreceptors found in the retina of the eye.

Name the following:
The ear ossicle in contact with the oval window of the inner ear.

Name the three ear ossicles.

What is the biological term for the three small bones present in the middle ear collectively?

With reference to the human ear, answer the question that follow:

Name the part of the ear associated with

(1) static balance

(2) hearing

(3) dynamic balance.

With reference to the human ear, answer the question that follow:

Name the nerve, which transmits messages from the ear to the brain.

With reference to the human ear, answer the question that follow:

Give the technical term for the structure found in the inner ear.

Give Technical Term:
The find cytoplasmic processes of the cell body of a neuron.

Give Technical Term:
The neuron which conducts impulse from the central nervous system to the organs.

Give Technical Term:
The brain and spinal cord together constitute the system known as.

Name the following:
The seat of memory and intelligence in the human brain.

Name the following:

The part of the human brain which controls body temperature.

Give Technical Term:
The structure which joins the two cerebral hemispheres in man.

Give Technical Term:
The scientist, who conducted experiment on a dog to show conditioned reflex

Give Technical Term:
Response to a stimulus without the intervention of the will of an animal.

Give Technical Term:
The chemical messenger by which the nerve impulse travels from one neuron to the other.

Give Technical Terms:
The number of cranial and spinal nerves in man.

Give Technical Term:
The fluid that provides protection and nourishment to the cells of the brain.

Give Technical Term:
 Nerve that transfers impulses from ear to brain.

Give Technical Term:
 The part of the central nervous system in which the gray matter is located on the outer side and the white matter on the inner side.

Name the following:

The junction between two nerve cells.

Give Technical Term:
The fluid which fills the central canal of the spinal cord.

Give Technical Term:
The path which responsible for protecting the eye from sweat.

Give Technical Term:
The type of lens used to correct myopia is

Name the following:

The part of the eye responsible for its shape.

What type of lens is used to correct Astigmatism?

Give Technical Term:
The type of lens used to correct myopia is

What type of lens is used to correct Hypermetropia?

Name the following:
The most sensitive region of the retina.

What is the nature of the image that forms on the retina?

Give Technical Term:
The cells of the retina that are sensitive to colour.

Give Technical Term:
Name the part of the retina on which an object is focused for the clearest vision.

Give Technical Term:
The adjustment of the eye in order to obtain a clear vision of objects at different distances

Give Technical Term:
The receptors which help in the sensation of taste.

Give Technical Term:
The fluid which conveys the vibrations of sound in the cochlea and semicircular canals.

Give Technical Term:
The nutritive layer of the eye which also presents reflection of light.

Complete the following sentence with appropriate word :
There are _______ neurons in our body.

Complete the following sentence with appropriate word :
 A bundle of axons enclosed in a tubular sheath is called _________.

Complete the following sentence with appropriate word :
 _____________ is the largest part of the brain.

Complete the following sentence with appropriate word :
Cerebrum is the site of __________.

Complete the following sentence with appropriate word :
The part of brain where the respiratory centre is located is _______________.

Complete the following sentence with appropriate word :
The medulla oblongata is also known as the_________.

Complete the following sentence with appropriate word :
A nerve chain between a receptor and an effector organ is called _________.

Complete the following sentence with appropriate word :
Optic nerve is a type Sensory nerve, whereas spinal nerves are __________ nerves

Complete the following sentence with appropriate word :
An inability to focus on nearby objects due to loss of elasticity of the lens with age is called Iris.

Complete the following sentence with appropriate word :
 The part of the central nervous system which responds to the reflex action is ________.

Complete the following sentence with appropriate word :
 ________ is the organ of balance and hearing in the body.

Complete the following sentence with appropriate word :
Tympanic chamber is filled with _________.

Mention, if the following statement is True or False
A nerve impulse passes from one neuron to another across a synapse.

Mention, if the following statement is True or False
Spinal nerves and cranial nerves constitute the central nervous system.

Mention, if the following statement is True or False
Cranium is & portion of the brain

Mention, if the following statement is True or False
Spinal nerves are twelve pair

Mention, if the following statement is True or False
The nerve impulse in the eye develops due to the chemical changes brought about in the sensitive cells (rods and cones) by the light energy of the image.

Mention, if the following statement is True or False
Reflex action involves brain

Mention, if the following statement is True or False
A reflex action is a spontaneous response to a stimulus.

Mention, if the following statement is True or False
Reflex action is a unit of nervous action

Mention, if the following statement is True or False
Cones are the receptor cells in the retina of the eye sensitive to dim light.

Mention, if the following statement is True or False
Rods are responsible for vision in the dark

Mention, if the following statement is True or False
The least distance of distinct vision for the human eye is 25 cm

Mention, if the following statement is True or False
Hypermetropia is a defect of the eye caused due to the eyeball elongation

Mention, if the following statement is True or False
The part of ear associated with balance is the cochlea. 

Mention, if the following statement is True or False
Cochlea of the ear is concerned with the sense of balance.

Mention, if the following statement is True or False
Deafness is caused due to the rupturing of the pinna.

The exact location of the Yellow spot

State the Location of: 
Corpus callosum 

Mention the exact location of the following : 
 Incus 

State the exact location of the Organ of Corti

State the Location of: 
Pinnae

State the Location of: 
Meninges

State the Location of: 
Lacrimal gland

State the Location of: 
Made of Ranvier

Where is this located?
Ganglia

Where is this located?
Cerebellum

State the Location:
Iris

Mention the exact location of the Eustachian tube

State the Location:
Semicircular canals

State the Function:
Cerebrum

State the Function:
Hypothalamus

State the Function:
Cerebellum

State the Function:
Cornea

State the Function:
Iris

State the Function:
Aqueous humour

State the Function:
Choroid coat in the eye

State the Function:
Ear drum

What is the function of ear ossicles?

State the Function:
Myelin sheath

The main function of Cerebrospinal fluid.

State the Function:
Acetylcholine

Give the main function of the following:
Cochlea

State the functions of the following:

Semi-circular canals

State the Function:
Endolymph

State the main function of the Eustachian tube

State the Function:
Visual purple

State the Function:
Conjunctiva

State the Function:
Vitreous humour

 Choose the Odd One Out: 

 Choose the Odd One Out: 

 Choose the Odd One Out: 

 Choose the Odd One Out: 

 Choose the Odd One Out: 

 Choose the Odd One Out: 

 Choose the Odd One Out: 

 Choose the Odd One Out: 

 Choose the Odd One Out: 

 Choose the Odd One Out: 

 Choose the Odd One Out: 

 Choose the Odd One Out: 

 Choose the Odd One Out: 

 Choose the Odd One Out: 

 Choose the Odd One Out: 

 Choose the Odd One Out: 

Complete the following sentence with appropriate Word
The function of nervous system is to:

Complete the following sentence with appropriate Word
A point of contact between two neurons is termed:

Complete the following sentence with appropriate Word
Neurilemma is:

Complete the following sentence with appropriate Word
Cerebellum is the part of the brain which is responsible for:

Complete the following sentence with appropriate Word
If the cerebellum is injured:

Complete the following sentence with appropriate Word
The control of reflex action is through:

Complete the following sentence with appropriate Word
The ventral root ganglion of the spinal cord contains cell bodies of the:

Complete the following sentence with appropriate Word
A reflex arc in man is best described as movement of stimuli from:

Complete the following sentence with appropriate Word
Which of the following is not a natural reflex action?

Complete the following sentence with appropriate Word
The part of the human eye where rod cells and cone cells are located is the:

Complete the following sentence with appropriate Word
The photoreceptor cells of the retina sensitive to colour are:

Complete the following sentence with appropriate Word
The aperture in the eye through which light enters is the:

Complete the following sentence with appropriate Word
The sequence of ear ossicles of vertebrates starting from the tympanum is:

Complete the following sentence with appropriate Word
The parts of the human ear concerned with hearing are :

Column ‘II’ is a list of items related to ideas in Column ‘I’. Match the term in Column ‘II’ with the suitable idea given in Column ‘I’.