ICSE solutions for Biology [English] Class 10 chapter 7 - The Excretory System [Latest edition]

Give a simple definition of excretion.

“Kidneys are the master chemist of the body”. Comment.

Think of the following: Tears, sweat, saliva, milk, Insulin, urine.
What are these excretion or secretion ? Why ?

Why is urine yellow in colour ?

Describe about physical properties of urine

Write constituents of urine.

What are the functions of ureter and urethra?

What is osmoregulation?

How does hydrostatic pressure develop in the glomerulus?

Write about the excretory role of the lungs.

 How is urea produced?

Urine is formed from alkaline blood, but it is acidic in nature”. Comment.

What is dialysis? Under what condition is it carried out? 

Give the working of the nephron.

What kind of urine (concentration) is produced in the human body?

Explain the functioning of kidney.

Give Reasons for the Following:
All living things must excrete.

Why excretion is necessary?

Give Reasons for the Following:
It is necessary to maintain a normal osmotic concentration of blood

Why urine is acidic while blood is alkaline?

Give Reasons for the following:
As a result of ultrafiltration along with excretory products certain useful products like glucose, salt, etc. are also filtered but these are not excreted?

Give Reasons for the following:
Glucose absent in the urine of a healthy person ?

In summer the urine is slightly thicker than in winter explain the reason. 

Give biological reasons for the following statements: There is frequent urination in winter than in summer

Differentiate between:
The Renal artery and the Renal vein.

Differentiate between:
Renal cortex and Renal medulla.

Differentiate between Afferent arteriole and Efferent arteriole.

Differentiate between:
Ureter and Urethra.

Differentiate between:
Excretion and Egestion

Differentiate between the following pairs of term : 

Urea and urine 

Differentiate between:
Excretion and Secretion.

The given diagram represents a nephron and its blood supply. Study the diagram and answer the following questions: 

(i) Label parts 1, 2, 3 and 4.
(ii) State the reason for the high hydrostatic pressure in the glomerulus.
(iii) Name the blood vessel which contains the least amount of urea in this diagram.
(iv) Name the two main stages of urine formation.
(v) Name the part of the nephron which lies in the renal medulla.

The diagram shows the Excretory System of a  Human Being. Study the same and then answer the questions that follow:

(i) Name the parts labeled 1, 2,3, and 4.
(ii) Give the main function of the parts labeled 5,6, 7 and 8.
(iii) Name the endocrine gland which could be added in diagram and state its location/position

Study the diagram given below and then answer the questions that follow:

1. Name the region in the kidney where the above structure is present?
2. Name the parts labelled 1, 2, 3 and 4.
3. Name the stages involved in the formation of urine.
4. What is the technical term given to the process occurring in 2 and 3? Briefly describe the process.

Given alongside is the figure of certain organs and associated parts in the human body. Study the same and answer the questions that follow:

1. Name all the organ systems shown completely or even 3 partially.
2. Name the parts numbered 1 to 5.
3. Name the structural and functional unit of the part marked '1'.
4. Name the two main organic constituents of the fluid that flows down the part labelled '3'.
5. Napie the two major steps involved in the formation of the fluid that passes down the part labelled '3'.

Given below is the figure of certain organs and associated parts in the human body. Study the same and answer the question that follow:

Name the parts numbered 1 to 5.

Given below is the figure of certain organs and associated parts in the human body. Study the same and answer the question that follow:

Name the structural and functional unit of the part marked '1'.

Given below is the figure of certain organs and associated parts in the human body. Study the same and answer the question that follow:

Name the two main organic constituents of the fluid that flows down the part labeled '3'.

Given below is the figure of certain organs and associated parts in the human body. Study the same and answer the question that follow:

Name the two major steps involved in the formation of the fluid that passes down the part labeled '3'.

The diagram below represents a mammalian kidney tubule (nephron) and its blood supply. Parts indicated by the guidelines 1 to 8 are as follows:

1. U-shaped loop of Henle
2. Proximal convoluted tubule with blood capillaries
3. Bowman’s capsule
4. Afferent arteriole from the renal artery
5. Glomerulus
6. Venule to the renal vein
7. Collecting tubule
8. Distal convoluted tubule with blood capillaries Study the diagram and answer the following questions in each case:
(i) Where does ultrafiltration take place?
(ii) Which structure contains the lowest concentration of urea?
(iii) Which structure contains the highest concentration of urea?
(iv) Which structure contains the lowest concentration of glucose?
(v) Where is the most water reabsorbed?

Given below is a simple diagram of the human kidney cut open longitudinally. Answer the following questions:

c
(v) Write two differences in the composition of the blood flowing through blood vessels A and B.

Draw a labeled diagram of the human kidney as seen in a longitudinal section.

 Draw a well-labeled diagram of the human excretory system.

Sketch and label the structure of malphigian body.

Sketch and label the ultrastructure of nephron.

Explain the Term: The Bowman’s capsule

Explain the Term: Glomerulus

Explain the Term: Loop of Henle

Explain the Term: Ureter

Explain the Term: Urinary bladder

Explain the Term: Ureotelism

Explain the Term: Malpighian body

Explain the Term: Tubular reabsorption

Name the Following
Major excretory organs of man.

Name the Following
The organ which produces urea.

Name the Following
The structural and functional units of kidney

Name the Following
The division of the kidney which is light in colour and subdivided into conical renal pyramids.

Name the Following
The Inner concave margin of kidney.

Name the Following
The term used for Bowman’s capsule and glomerulus together.

Name the Following
The branch of renal artery which enters into Bowman’s capsule.

Name the Following
The blood vessels which brings pure blood to the kidneys:

Name the Following
A process by which the unwanted nitrogenous wastes are eliminated from the body.

Name the Following
Thin membranous sac serving as the reservoir of urine.

Name the Following
The muscle which controls urination.

Name the Following
The act of passing urine.

Name the Following
The organ in which urine is stored before its elimination.

Name the Following
The process by which kidneys regulate the water content of the body.

Name the Following
The product which is excreted by the liver.

Name the Following
The gas excreted by the lungs.

Name the Following
The substance found in excess in the urine of a diabetic patient.

Give Technical Term: 
The organ which filters out urea and uric acid from the bloodstream.

Give Technical Term: 
Name the organ in which urine is stored before its elimination from the body.

Give Technical Term: 
The organ in man concerned with maintaining water balance in the body.

Give Technical Term: 
The nitrogenous wastes produced in man.

Give Technical Term: 
The waste product which is excreted by the liver.

Give Technical Terms: 
What are the organic constituents of normal human urine?

Give Technical Term: 
Name two substances found both in urine and sweat.?

Give Technical Terms: 
The pigments produced by the breakdown of haemoglobin in liver.

Give Technical Term: 
The tube joining the kidney to the urinary bladder.

Name the following: 

The outer region of kidney containing the Bowman's capsule.

Give Technical Term: 
The duct which transports urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder.

Give Technical Term: 
A mass of fine blood capillaries found in each Bowman’s capsule.

Give Technical Terms: 
Name three substances that are reabsorbed from the renal tubules by the secondary capillaries

What are some common excretory product?

Give Technical Terms
The hormone that helps increase the reabsorption of water from the kidney tubules.

Give Technical Terms
Which vessel will have the highest concentration of urea long after a meal ?

Name the Following
The substance found in excess in the urine of a diabetic patient.

Complete the following sentence with appropriate word:

The process of removing the metabolic waste from the body is known as ______.

Complete the following sentence with appropriate word:

Human kidney is made up of ______.

Complete the following sentence with appropriate word:

______ is the functional unit of kidney.

Complete the following sentence with appropriate word:

The sum total of all the chemical reactions taking place in the cell is known as ______.

Complete the following sentence with appropriate word:

The process of releasing urine is ______.

Complete the following sentence with appropriate word:

The U-shaped portion of a nephron located in the medulla region is called ______.

Complete the following sentence with appropriate word:

The knot of blood vessel inside the Bowman’s capsule is ______.

Complete the following sentence with appropriate word:

The duct which transports urine from kidney to urinary bladder is ______.

Complete the following sentence with appropriate word:

______ supplies blood to kidney.

Complete the following sentence with appropriate word:

The human liver converts ammonia into ______

Complete the following sentence with appropriate word:

Besides excretion, the kidneys also carry out the important function of ______.

Complete the following sentence with appropriate word:

Automatic self-regulation of salt and water within the body is known of ______.

Complete the following sentence with appropriate words:

The outer surface of the kidney is ______ while the inner surface is ______.

Complete the following sentence with appropriate words:

Urine is collected in the ______.

Complete the following sentence with appropriate words:

Sweat formed in the sweat glands passes into the sweat duct which opens to the outside at the surface of the skin by means of ______.

Mention, if the following statement is True or False. If false rewrite the wrong statement in its correct form:

Sometimes urine may contain certain excess vitamins.

Mention, if the following statement is True or False. If false rewrite the wrong statement in its correct form:

Harmful ammonium compounds formed during the metabolism in the cells are broken down to form urea in the kidney.

Mention, if the following statement is True or False. If false rewrite the wrong statement in its correct form:

Ammonia is converted into urea in kidney.

Mention, if the following statement is True or False. If false rewrite the wrong statement in its correct form:

Urine leaves the urinary bladder of a female by means of the uterus.

Mention, if the following statement is True or False. If false rewrite the wrong statement in its correct form:

Urethra carries urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder.

Mention, if the following statement is True or False. If false rewrite the wrong statement in its correct form:

Glomerular filtration occurs under pressure on the blood as a result of systolic pressure of the heart.

Mention, if the following statement is True or False. If false rewrite the wrong statement in its correct form:

Glomerular filtrate consists of many substances such as water, salts, glucose and white blood corpuscles.

Mention, if the following statement is True or False. If false rewrite the wrong statement in its correct form:

A diuretic increases the amount of urine.

State the Location: Urinary bladder

State the Location:

Kidneys

State the Location: Renal pyramids

State the Location: Medulla of Kidney

Write the functional activity of the following structure: Nephron

Write the functional activity of the following structure: Bowman’s capsule

Write the functional activity of the following structure: Vasopressin

Write the functional activity of the following structure: Aldosterone

Write the functional activity of the following structure:

Glomerulus

Write the functional activity of the following structure: Bladder sphincter

Write the functional activity of the following structure: Henle’s loop

Write the functional activity of the following structure: Sweat glands

Write the functional activity of the following structure: Kidney

Write the functional activity of the following structure:

Ureter

Write the functional activity of the following structure: Bladder

Write the functional activity of the following structure: Urethra

Write the functional activity of the following structure: Adrenal gland

Write the functional activity of the following structure: Renal artery

Write the functional activity of the following structure: Renal vein

Write the functional activity of the following structure: Iliac artery

Write the functional activity of the following structure: Iliac vein

Choose the Odd One Out:

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Multiple Choice Question: Excretion commonly involves

Multiple Choice Question: Urea is synthesized from extra amino acids in:

Multiple Choice Question: What is the chief nitrogenous waste in mammals?

Multiple Choice Question: Profuse sweating take place during heavy muscular exercise. The reason is:

Multiple Choice Question: Ultrafiltration occurs in:

Multiple Choice Question: In the Bowman’s capsule:

Column 2 is a list of items related to ideas in Column 1. Match the term in Column 2 with the suitable idea given in Column 1.