Question

The stem of a fruit tree X fixed in soil is cut in a slanting way. The upper part of stem of another fruit tree Y of different variety of same species is also cut in a slanting way. The cut stem of tree Y, without roots but having some leaves, is placed over the rooted cut stem of tree X in such a way that their cut surfaces fit together properly. While joining the two cut stems, care is taken to make sure that the layer Z of one cut stem is in contact with layer Z of the other cut stem. The joint of cut stem is bound tightly with a piece of cloth and covered properly with polythene. Soon the cut heals and the two stems grow together and become one fruit tree producing leaves, flowers and fruits.
(a) What is the name of this method of producing plants or trees?
(b) What name is given to the cut stem of tree X having roots?
(c) What name is given to the cut stem of tree Y which has no roots but has some leaves?
(d) Name the layer Z.
(e) Why should the layer Z of one cut stem be in contact with the layer Z of the other cut stem?
(f) Name any four fruit trees which are usually bred by this technique.
(g) State any one advantage of producing fruit trees by this technique.

Answer 1

(a) This method of propagating plants or trees is known as grafting.

(b) The segregated stem of tree X is termed as stock.

(c) The segregated stem of tree Y that is devoid of roots is termed as scion.

(d) The layer Z is called the cambium layer.

(e) The cambium layer of both the stems should be joined, as they are responsible for the growth of a new tree.

(f) Four trees which are propagated by this method are apple, pineapple, orange and grapes.

(g) The main advantage of cultivating plants in this method is that the graft will have the most desirable features of both the parts, i.e. the stock and the scion.