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Question
Vapour pressure of pure acetone and chloroform at 328 K are 741.8 mm Hg and 632.8 mm Hg respectively. Assuming that they form ideal solution over the entire range of composition, plot `"P"_"total"`, `"P"_"chloroform"` and `"P"_"acetone"` as a function of `"x"_"acetone"`. The experimental data observed for different compositions of mixtures is:
| `bb(100 xx "x"_"acetone")` | 0 | 11.8 | 23.4 | 36.0 | 50.8 | 58.2 | 64.5 | 72.1 |
| `bb("P"_"acetone"//"mm Hg")` | 0 | 54.9 | 110.1 | 202.4 | 322.7 | 405.9 | 454.1 | 521.1 |
| `bb("P"_"chloroform"//"mm Hg")` | 632.8 | 548.1 | 469.4 | 359.7 | 257.7 | 193.6 | 161.2 | 120.7 |
Plot this data also on the same graph paper. Indicate whether it has a positive or negative deviation from the ideal solution.
Solution
| `bb(100 xx "x"_"acetone")` | 0.0 | 0.118 | 023.4 | 0.360 | 0.508 | 0.582 | 0.645 | 0.721 |
| `bb("P"_"acetone"//"mm Hg")` | 0 | 54.9 | 110.1 | 202.4 | 322.7 | 405.9 | 454.1 | 521.1 |
| `bb("P"_"chloroform"//"mm Hg")` | 632.8 | 548.1 | 469.4 | 359.7 | 257.7 | 193.6 | 161.2 | 120.7 |
| `bb("P"_"total" ("mm Hg"))` | 632.8 | 603.0 | 579.5 | 562.1 | 580.4 | 599.5 | 615.3 | 641.8 |
It can be observed from the graph that the plot for the ptotal of the solution curves downward. Therefore, the solution shows a negative deviation from the ideal behaviour.
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