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Question
Why is ammonium hydroxide used in qualitative analysis? Give two equations to justify your answer.
Solution
Ammonium hydroxide precipitates hydroxides of metals when it is added to aqueous solution of their salts. The precipitate of metal hydroxides differ in colour and solubility and hence ammonium hydroxide is used in qualitative analysis.
(i) FeSO4 +2NH4OH → (NH4)2SO4 +Fe(OH)3
The colour of precipitate is dirty green, which is insoluble in excess of
ammonium hydroxide.
(ii) CuSO4 + 2NH4OH → (NH4)2SO4 + Cu (OH)2
The colour of precipitate is bluish white, which is soluble in excess of ammonium hydroxide.
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