Question

Why does the moon have very cold and very hot temperature variations eg, from −190°C to 110°C even though it is at the same distance from the sun as the earth is?

Answer 1

There is no atmosphere on the moon. As a result, unlike on Earth, there is no mechanism to keep the surface from warming throughout the day. Furthermore, the lack of atmosphere allows all of the heat to escape during the night. Hence, the temperature on the moon varies greatly as a result of these factors.