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Question
Write a note on one-sided errors and two sided errors.
Solution
- Rectification of one-sided errors before preparing trial balance:
- When a one-sided error is detected before preparing the trial balance, no journal entry is required to be passed in the books.
- In such cases, the error can be rectified by giving an explanatory note in the account affected as to whether the concerned account is to be debited or credited.
- Example: Sales book is undercast by ₹ 100.
- In this case, the sales book is undercast by ₹ 100.
- The total of sales book is posted to the credit side of the sales account in the ledger.
- The under casting has resulted in an under-crediting of sales accounts by ₹ 100.
- This is an error of commission.
- The error is only in the sales account. There is short credit in the sales account by ₹ 100. Hence, it is rectified by crediting sales account by ₹ 100.
- Rectification of two-sided errors before preparing the trial balance:
When a two-sided error is detected before preparing the trial balance, it must be rectified by passing a rectifying journal entry in the journal proper after analyzing the error.
Example: Goods sold to Anand for ₹ 1,000 on credit was not entered in the sales book. The entry will be
| Date | Particulars | I.F. | Debit ₹ | Credit ₹ |
| Anand A/c Dr | 1,000 | |||
| To Sales A/c | 1,000 | |||
| (Being the sale of goods to anand not entered in sales book, now rextified) |
Method of deriving the rectifying entries
| No | Wrong Entry | Correct Entry | ₹ | ₹ | Rectifying Entry | ₹ | ₹ |
|
Nil |
Anand A/c Dr. To sales A/c |
1,000 | 1,000 | Anand A/c Dr. To sales A/c |
1,000 | 1,000 |
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RELATED QUESTIONS
What is meant by the rectification of errors?
Rectify the following error assuming that the trial balance is yet to be prepared:
Sales book was undercast by ₹ 400
Rectify the following error assuming that the trial balance is yet to be prepared:
Bills receivable book was undercast by ₹ 800
Rectify the following journal entry.
| Particulars | L.F. | Dr. (₹) | Cr. (₹) |
| Senguttuvan A/c Dr. To Cash A/c (Rent paid to Senguttuvan) |
6,000 |
6,000 |
The bookkeeper of a firm found that the trial balance was out by ₹ 922 (excess credit).
He placed the amount in the suspense account and subsequently found the following errors:
- The total discount column on the credit side of the cash book ₹ 78 was not posted in the ledger.
- The total of purchases book was short by ₹ 1,000.
- A credit sale of goods to Natarajan for ₹ 375 was entered in the sales book as ₹ 735.
- A credit sale of goods to Mekala for ₹ 700 was entered in the purchases book. You are required to give rectification entries and prepare a suspense account.
Rectify the following errors:
(i) Credit sales to Mohan ₹ 7,000 were not recorded.
(ii) Credit purchases from Rohan 9,000 were not recorded.
(iii) Goods returned to Rakesh ₹ 4,000 were not recorded.
(iv) Goods returned from Mahesh ₹ 1,000 were not recorded.
Rectify the following errors assuming that suspense account was opened. Ascertain the difference in trial balance.
(a) Furniture purchased for ₹ 10,000 wrongly debited to purchase account as ₹ 4,000.
(b) Machinery purchased on credit from Raman for ₹ 20,000 recorded through Purchases Book as ₹ 6,000.
(c) Repairs on machinery ₹ 1,400 debited to Machinery account as ₹ 2,400.
(d) Repairs on overhauling of second hand machinery purchased ₹ 2,000 ₹ 200.
(e) Sale of old machinery at book value ₹ 3,000 was credited to sales account as ₹ 5,000.
Trial balance of Raju showed an excess debit of ₹ 10,000. He put the difference to suspense account and discovered the following errors:
(a) Depreciation written-off the furniture ₹ 6,000 was not posted to Furniture account.
(b) Credit sales to ₹ 10,000 were recorded as ₹ 7,000.
(c) Purchases book undercast by ₹ 2,000.
(d) Cash sales to ₹ 5,000 were not posted.
(e) Old Machinery sold for ₹ 7,000 was credited to sales account.
(f) Discount received ₹ 800 from Kanan on paying cash to him was not posted.
Trial balance of John did not agree. He put the difference to suspense account and discovered the following errors:
(a) In the sales book for the month of January total of page 2 was carried forward to page 3 as ₹ 1,000 instead of ₹ 1,200 and total of page 6 was carried forward to page 7 as ₹ 5,600 instead of ₹ 5,000.
(b) Wages paid for installation of machinery ₹ 500 was posted to wages account as ₹ 50.
(c) Machinery purchased from R and Co. for ₹ 10,000 on credit was entered in Purchase Book as ₹ 6,000 and posted there from to R and Co. as ₹ 1,000.
(d) Credit sales to Mohan ₹ 5,000 were recorded in Purchases Book.
(e) Goods returned to Ram ₹ 1,000 were recorded in Sales Book.
(f) Credit purchases from S and Co. for ₹ 6,000 were recorded in sales book. However, S and Co. was correctly credited.
(g) Credit purchases from M and Co. ₹ 6,000 were recorded in Sales Book as ₹ 2,000 and posted there from to the credit of M and Co. as ₹ 1,000.
(h) Credit sales to Raman ₹ 4,000 posted to the credit of Raghvan as ₹ 1,000.
(i) Bill receivable for ₹ 1,600 from Noor was dishonoured and posted to debit of Allowances account.
(j) Cash paid to Mani ₹ 5,000 against our acceptance was debited to Manu.
(k) Old furniture sold for ₹ 3,000 was posted to Sales account as ₹ 1,000.
(l) Depreciation provided on furniture ₹ 800 was not posted.
(m) Material ₹ 10,000 and wages ₹ 3,000 were used for construction of building. No adjustment was made in the books.
Rectify the following errors:
- Sales book overcast by ₹ 700.
- Purchases book overcast by ₹ 500.
- Sales return book overcast by ₹ 300.
- Purchase return book overcast by ₹ 200.
