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Question
Write a note on thermodynamic equilibrium.
Solution
- A system is said to be in thermodynamic equilibrium when the following three conditions of equilibrium are satisfied simultaneously: mechanical equilibrium, chemical equilibrium, and thermal equilibrium.
- Mechanical equilibrium:
a. For a system to be in mechanical equilibrium, there should not be any unbalanced forces acting within the system and between the system and its surrounding.
b. Also, the pressure in the system should be the same throughout the system and should not change with time. - Chemical equilibrium:
a. For a system to be in chemical equilibrium there should be no chemical reactions going on within the system.
b. There is no transfer of matter from one part of the system to the other due to diffusion.
c. A system to be in chemical equilibrium its chemical composition has to be the same throughout and should not change with time. - Thermal equilibrium:
For a system to be in thermal equilibrium, the temperature of the system should be uniform throughout and it should not change with time. A system when in thermal equilibrium is described in terms of state variables.
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