SCERT Maharashtra solutions for Physics [English] 12 Standard HSC chapter 4 - Thermodynamics [Latest edition]

Which of the following is correct, when the energy is transferred to a system from its environment?

Which of the following system freely allows the exchange of energy and matter with its environment? 

Two systems at the same temperature are said to be in ______ 

For work done to be reversible, the process should be ______ 

A gas in a closed container is heated with 10 J of energy, causing the lid of the container to rise 2m with 3N of force. What is the total change in energy of the system?

The second law of thermodynamics deals with the transfer of ______.

Heating a gas in a constant volume container is an example of which process?

When two objects are said to be in thermal equilibrium?

The science of measuring temperatures is called?

State zeroth law of thermodynamics.

What is the energy associated with the random, disordered motion of the molecules of a system called as?

A group of objects that can form a unit which may have the ability to exchange energy with its surrounding is called what? 

On what basis a thermodynamic system can be classified?

What is a thermodynamic process?

Define heat.

What is the internal energy of the system, when the amount of heat Q is added to the system and the system does not do any work during the process?

When does a system lose energy to its surroundings and its internal energy decreases? 

Answer the following in one or two sentences.

State the first law of thermodynamics.

A system releases 100 kJ of heat while 80 kJ of work is done on the system. Calculate the change in internal energy.

Draw a p-V diagram of the reversible process. 

Draw a p-V diagram of the irreversible process. 

Draw a p-V diagram showing positive work with varying pressure. 

Draw a p-V diagram showing negative work with varying pressure. 

Draw a p-V diagram showing positive work at constant pressure. 

3 mole of a gas at temperature 400 K expands isothermally from an initial volume of 4 litres to a final volume of 8 litres. Find the work done by the gas. (R = 8.31 J mol^-1 K^-1)  

An ideal gas of volume 2 L is adiabatically compressed to (1/10)^th of its initial volume. Its initial pressure is 1.01 x 105 Pa, calculate the final pressure. (Given 𝛾 = 1.4) 

Explain the cyclic process. 

Differentiate between the reversible and irreversible processes.

State the assumptions made for thermodynamic processes.

Classify and explain the thermodynamic system. 

Explain given cases related to energy transfer between the system and surrounding –

1. energy transferred (Q) > 0
2. energy transferred (Q) < 0
3. energy transferred (Q) = 0 

Explain the different ways through which the internal energy of the system can be changed. 

Write a note on thermodynamic equilibrium.

Explain graphically (i) positive work with varying pressure, (ii) negative work with varying pressure, and (iii) positive work at constant pressure. 

Write a note on free expansion.

One gram of water (1 cm³) becomes 1671 cm³ of steam at a pressure of 1 atm. The latent heat of vaporization at this pressure is 2256 J/g. Calculate the external work and the increase in internal energy. 

Calculate the fall in temperature of helium initially at 15°C when it is suddenly expanded to 8 times its original volume (𝛾 = 5/3). 

A cylinder containing one gram molecule of the gas was compressed adiabatically until its temperature rose from 27°C to 97°C. Calculate the work done and heat produced in the gas (𝛾 = 1.5).

Answer the following in one or two sentences.

State the first law of thermodynamics.

derive the relation between the change in internal energy (∆U), work is done (W), and heat (Q). 

Explain work done during a thermodynamic process.

Explain the thermodynamics of the isobaric process.  

Explain the thermodynamics of the isochoric process.  

Explain thermodynamics of the adiabatic process.