Question

Write a short note.

Techniques to improve memory

Answer 1

According to Tulving, 'memory is the means by which we draw on our past experiences in order to use that information in the present'. Memory is the mental system involved in the receiving storage and subsequent retrieval of information.

1. Keyword Method - Any two different pieces of information can be linked together, using this method. It is especially effective in learning foreign languages, etc. For e.g., In Japanese 'Ki' means 'tree'. So we can remember it as 'a key on the tree'.
2. Encoding Specificity - Encoding Specificity states that recall improves if the same cues that were present during learning are also present at recall. for e.g., If a multiple choice type of question in the exam is the same as the question given at the end of the lesson.
3. Method of Loci - It is creating an imaginary route or sequential location of things to be remembered. For e.g., list of household items to be bought on the way home.
4. Use of mnemonic devices - These are memory tools which help us to remember the information.
   It may include - 
   (a) First letter technique (acronyms) e.g., BODMAS (sequence of mathematical operations)
   (b) Chunking i.e., large information is stored as small chunks e.g., phone nos. 999-123-4567
   (c) Visualization e.g., imagining the face of a friend to remember a meeting scheduled with him/her.
5. Rehearsal - Practice, relearning, and rehearsal help in better retention of material. If the matter is large or difficult then it is better to learn it in parts, revise it once or twice and then move on to the next section. Finally, a revision of the full topic must be done.
6. Minimizing interference - We must take breaks between learning and avoid interference from intervening activities due to retroactive or proactive interference.
7. Power method - This means Prepare, Organize, Work, Evaluate, and Rethink.
   a. Prepare - It involves setting goals and guidelines for the study of that topic.
   b. Organize - Plan a schedule for better time management and motivation e.g., difficult, technical subjects should be learned when the mind is fresh and have more time for it.
   c. Work - It involves the dedicated effort to a chieve the goal. We can associate new material with already learnt material or use techniques like acronyms/chunking, etc.
   d. Evaluate - This can be done by solving questions and trying to find out the amount of retention.
   e. Rethink - It involves reviewing/revising the learned material.