Question

Write in detail about the armed revolutionaries in India.

Different organizations and their work

Answer 1

1. In 1899, Ganesh Damodar Savarkar and his brother Vinayak Damodar Savarkar was established 'Mitra Mela’ a secret organisation at Nasik. Later, renamed in 1904 as ‘Abhinav Bharat’. In 1904, Vinayak Damodar Savarkar went to England From there he began to send revolutionary literature, pistols, etc. to the members of Abhinav Bharat. He wrote a biography of Joseph Mazini, an Italian revolutionary. He also wrote the book, ‘1857 - The First War of Independence’. Anant Lakshman Kanhere a young Indian revolutionary killed Jackson to avenge the punishment given to Ganesh Damodar Savarkar.
2. A revolutionary organisation named as ‘Anusheelan Samiti’ was active in Bengal. Aurobindo Ghosh and his brother Barindra Kumar Ghosh were at the head of this orgnisation. The organisation had a centre of bomb making at Maniktala near Kolkata. In 1908, Khudiram Bose and Prafulla Chaki of Anusheelan Samiti, made a plan of Kingsford's assasination who was an evil British magistrate. However, the horse cart which was bombed by them did not carry Kingsford but two British women instead. They both died. Prafulla Chaki shot himself and Khudiram Bose was arrested and hanged.
3. Shyamji Krishna Verma had founded ‘India House’ in London. This organisation used to give scholarships to Indian students in England taking higher education. Madam Cama belonged to the group formed by Shyamji Krishna Verma.  In the ‘World Socialist Conference’ in Germany she raised the issue of India’s independence. She unfurled a flag representing India. Madanlal Dhingra shot Curzon Wyllie to death and was arrested and hanged for it.
4. Indians in America and Canada had established a revolutionary orgnisation, which was named as ‘Gadar’. Lala Hardayal, Bhai Paramanand, Dr. Pandurang Sadashiv Khankhoje were among the main leaders of this organisation. Gadar means uprising. ‘Gadar’ was the name of the newspaper as well, published by this organisation. This newspaper gave the message of patriotism and revolution to Indians. Hutatma Vishnu Ganesh Pingale contributed in a great way in this work.
5. Ramprasad Bismil, Ashfaqulla, Roshan Singh, Rajendra Lahiri of ‘Hindustan Republic Association’ had masterminded a plan for raising money for revolutionary work, which came to be known as ‘Kakori conspiracy’.
6. Some young people in India established the ‘Communist Party’ following the revolutionary thoughts of Karl Marx. Their aim was to uproot the colonial British rule and to establish the rule of working class people (proletariat). Members of the Communist Party were tried under the charge of attempting armed revolution. The Merath case and Kanpur case in this context received a lot of publicity.
7. In 1928, Chandrashekhar Azad, Bhagat Singh, Rajguru and Sukhdev had established ‘Hindustan Socialist Republican Association’ in Delhi. Their goal was to free India from the British exploitation. They wanted to rip off the British system that exploited the farmers and labourers. Their organisation had an independent department called ‘Hindustan Socialist Republican Army’ for collecting arms and to execute their plans. Bhagat singh and Raj guru avenged the death of Lala Lajpat Ray. Saunders was killed to teach a lesson British officers. The British Government had submitted two bills in the Central Legislative Assembly, which were absolutely damaging to civil rights. Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Datta, exploded a bomb in the Legislative Assembly.
8. Surya Sen was the leader of the revolutionary group working with Hindustan Socialist Republican Army, in Chittagong, in Bengal. He prepared a plan to attack on the British armouries.
9. Beena Das, a member of Indian National Congress, attempted to kill Stanley Jackson