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Question
Write the names and symbols of two very reactive metals belonging to group 1 of the periodic table. Explain by drawing electronic structure, how either one of the two metals reacts with a halogen. With which name is the bond formed between these elements known and what is the class of the compound so formed known? State any four physical properties of such compounds.
Solution
Sodium (Na) and Potassium (K) are the two very reactive metals belonging to group 1 of the periodic table.
Let us see the formation of an ionic compound, namely Sodium Fluoride (NaF), when Sodium (Group 1 element) reacts with Fluorine ( Group 17 element). Sodium has 1 electron in its outermost shell whereas Fluorine has 7 electrons. When Sodium and Fluorine react, a transfer of electrons takes place from Sodium to Fluorine and an ionic compound is formed.
The following drawing clearly explains the reaction of Sodium and Fluorine:
Halogens are the non-metal elements which belong to group 17 of the periodic table. Metals are electropositive and have a tendency to lose electrons while non-metals are electronegative and have a tendency to accept electrons. Therefore, when a metal reacts with a non-metal, a transfer of electrons takes place, resulting in the formation of an ionic bond. The resulting compound is called an ionic compound.
Physical properties of Ionic Compounds:
1. Ionic compounds are solids.
2. They have high melting and boiling points.
3. They are generally soluble in water.
4. They conduct electricity in molten state.
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