SCERT Maharashtra solutions for Chemistry [English] 12 Standard HSC chapter 2 - Solutions [Latest edition]

Sugar dissolves in water because ______.

The solubility of a gas in water ______.

The units of Henry’s law constant are ______.

The colligative properties of solutions _______.

The following solution/solvent has maximum vapour pressure _______.

According to Raoult’s law, relative lowering of vapour pressure of solution containing dissolved nonvolatile solute _______.

Freezing point depression constant of a solvent is _______.

Which of the following statements is applicable for 0.1 M urea solution and 0.1 M sucrose solution?

The Henry’s law constant of a gas is 6.7 × 10^–4 mol/(L bar). Its solubility when the partial pressure of the gas at 298 K is 0.65 bar is ______.

What are hypertonic solutions?

What is a cryoscopic constant?

Write the effect of dissolution of a nonvolatile solute on the freezing point of solvent.

Write the expression for relative lowering of vapour pressure.

State Raoult’s law. 

State Henry's law.

What type of solutions exhibit positive deviations from Raoult’s law?

What is enthalpy change and volume change of mixing of two components forming an ideal solution?

The vapour pressures of pure liquids A and B are 0.600 bar and 0.933 bar respectively, at a certain temperature.
What is the mole fraction of liquid B in the solution when the total vapour pressure of their mixture is 0.8 bar?

The vapour pressure of a pure liquid is 0.043 bar at a certain temperature. When a nonvolatile solute is dissolved into it, the vapour pressure of the solution is found to be 0.041 bar. What is the relative lowering of vapour pressure?

For a very dilute solution, the osmotic pressure is given by π = n₂RT/V where V is the volume in L containing n₂ moles of nonvolatile solute. Establish the equation for molar mass of solute.

Distinguish between ideal and non-ideal solutions.

Give two points to explain why vapour pressure of solvent is lowered by dissolving nonvolatile solute into it.

In what way K_f and K_b are similar and in what way they are different?

Calculate total moles after dissociation in 0.1 M KCl solution and 0.05 M aluminium sulphate solution. Hence, decide which of the two solutions will have higher freezing point depression.

When 50 g of a nonvolatile solute is dissolved in a certain quantity of solvent, the elevation of boiling point is 2.0 K. What will be the elevation of a boiling point when 30 g of solute is dissolved in the same amount of the same solvent?

Derive the expression for molar mass of solute in terms of boiling point elevation of solvent.

Explain the osmotic pressure of a solution with the help of a thistle tube.

Explain the phenomenon of osmosis.

With the help of vapour pressure-temperature curves for solution and solvent, explain why boiling point of solvent is elevated when a nonvolatile solute is dissolved into it.

A solution containing 3 g of solute A (M = 60 g/mol) in 1 L solution is isotonic with a solution containing 8.55 g of solute B in 500 mL solution. What is the molar mass of B?

The vapour pressure of a pure solvent at a certain temperature is 0.0227 bar. What is the vapour pressure of a solution containing 6 g of solute (M = 60 g/mol) in 50 g of solvent?

What are nonideal solutions?

Explain with reasons and diagrams, the positive and negative deviations from Raoult’s law shown by nonideal solutions.

Explain with vapour pressure-temperature curves that the freezing point of a solvent is lowered by dissolving a nonvolatile solute into it. Give reason for such lowering of freezing of solvent.

Define Semipermeable membrane

Explain the term osmosis.

Answer the following in one or two sentences.

What is osmotic pressure?

What are isotonic solutions? Explain with one example.