Fluids include both liquids and gases. Just like solids exert pressure on surfaces due to their weight, fluids also have weight and exert pressure on the walls and base of their container. When pressure is applied to a fluid in a closed space, it spreads equally in all directions. Liquid pressure increases with depth and depends on the liquid’s density and gravity.
1. Aim: To demonstrate that water pressure acts on the sides of a container.
2. Requirements: plastic bottle, 10 cm glass tube, rubber balloon, molten wax, and water.
3. Procedure
4. Observation: The balloon inflates as water fills the bottle, indicating that the water pressure is acting on the side of the bottle.
Pressure of Liquid
5. Conclusion: The experiment confirms that water exerts pressure on the sides of the container. The pressure of the liquid causes the balloon to inflate, demonstrating that the force is applied in all directions.
1. Aim: To observe how liquid pressure changes with depth and behaves at the same level.
2. Requirements: plastic bottle, thick needle, water
3. Procedure
Pierce the plastic bottle with a thick needle at three points: top (point 1), middle (point 2), and bottom (point 3).
Fill the bottle with water to the top. Observe the water jets coming out of each hole:
Note that jets from holes at the same level fall at the same distance from the bottle.
Level and Pressure of Liquid
4. Conclusion: This experiment shows that liquid pressure is the same at the same level but increases with depth. The deeper the hole, the greater the pressure, causing the water to project farther.
