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प्रश्न
Below is a description of Geothermal Energy. Complete the passage by filling in the gaps choosing the correct option from the given options. The first one has been done for you.
In volcanic areas, underground water (a) can often rise to a temperature of 200° C. Nowadays, wells (b) __________ drilled to extract the steam which is used to drive turbines. This is (c) __________ of the world’s fastest growing sources of energy. (d) __________ the water is heated by enormous reservoirs of cooling rock several kilometers across, geothermal steam is (e) __________ to be a renewable energy resource. Even in non- volcanic areas, underground water can (f) __________ heated by natural radioactivity. In this case, (g) __________, it is necessary to drill deeper before the water is as hot as 200° C. This method (h) __________ used for heating homes in certain areas for many years and is cheap, clean and efficient.
| (a) (i) could (ii) can (iii) must (iv) might |
(b) (i) is (ii) been (iii) are (iv) being |
(c) (i) any (ii) some (iii) one (iv) few |
(d) (i) As (ii) While (iii) Though (iv) Even |
| (e) (i) called (ii) said (iii) regarded (iv) told |
(f) (i) be (ii) been (iii) being (iv) is |
(g) (i) however (ii) though (iii) despite (iv) therefore |
(h) (i) being (ii) was (iii) be (iv) has been |
उत्तर
In volcanic areas, underground water (a) can often rise to a temperature of 200° C. Nowadays, wells are drilled to extract the steam which is used to drive turbines. This is one of the world’s fastest growing sources of energy. as the water is heated by enormous reservoirs of cooling rock several kilometers across, geothermal steam is regarded to be a renewable energy resource. Even in non- volcanic areas, underground water can be heated by natural radioactivity. In this case, however it is necessary to drill deeper before the water is as hot as 200° C. This method has been used for heating homes in certain areas for many years and is cheap, clean and efficient.
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संबंधित प्रश्न
Answer the following question:
Why was Harold upset that his father had not told him about his true identity? Give two reasons.
Based on your reading of the story, answer the following questions by choosing
the correct option.
Pescud felt that best-sellers were not realistic as.
Work individually, and rank the seven stages in order of attractiveness. If you
think being a schoolboy is most attractive stage, you could rank it number 1.
Then, work in groups of four and compare your individual rankings.
(A) Working in pairs, fill up the table by asking your partner about what he/ she does on the following days and times.
| Day | 7.00 am | 1.00 pm | 6.00 pm |
| Sunday | |||
| Monday | |||
| Tuesday | |||
| Wednesday | |||
| Thursday | |||
| Friday | |||
| Saturday |
(B) Write a brief account of his/her actions on the specified times and days, in the
space below. Ask further questions, if necessary. Use the simple past/past
perfect tense to write your description.
e.g. (a) Rani visited the zoo on Sunday.
(b) She had.finished all her homework by 5. 00 am on that day.
Edit the following letter by choosing the appropriate word for each underlined word from the given options.
Hill Mount School
Bilaspur
20 February 20xx
The Principal
National Public School
Bilaspur
Madam
Our school (a) conducted a cultural fiesta on the 26th of this month. The events
for competition (b) includes music, dance and skit. Each school (c) are
requested to send not more than fifteen participants. We would appreciate if
the students of your prestigious institution (d) are participating in the
competition and make our show a grand success. Attractive prizes will be
awarded to the winners.
Thank you very much
Yours sincerely
Gayathri Sundaram
Principal
An astronaut is speaking to the Mission Control from her capsule, describing geographical features she can see on Earth. Decide which features she is talking about. Fill in the gaps in the astronaut’s description below. Use the names given in the box with the correct determiners (a, an, the). (The first two have been done for you):
“There is very little cloud cover at
- The moment. I can see India right below me.
- The Andaman and Nicobar Islands are clearly visible, and of course there is
- ______ to the south. I can see where
- ______ flows into
- ______ A little higher are the glistening snows of
- _______but I can’t see
- _______itself. I can just make out
- _______ to the west. I’m passing over
- _______ right now. To the north, I can just see
- _______in the centre of the vast expanse of
- _______ In the far north, the ice of
- _______ is clearly visible.”
The Environment in Danger
What do you think will happen to the following?
Choose four, and write one sentence about each using the modals below and/ or expressions from 10.
(a) The ozone layer
(b) The Taj Mahal
(c) The Maldives
(d) The rainforests
(e) Weather patterns
(f) Fossil fuels
(g) The Ganges delta
e.g. In my opinion, the hole in the ozone layer will grow bigger and more people will get skin cancer.
Interactive practice
Individually, write down four sentences as in column A in 3.
| A (First speaker) | B (Questioner) | C (Reporter) | |
| 1. | What did he say? | ||
| 2. | What did she say? | ||
| 3. | What did he say? | ||
| 4. | What did the notice say? |
Thinking about changes in Reported Speech.
Look at the cartoon and read the dialogue.
Now read the following paragraph, which reports what happened in the cartoon.
A customer walked into a bakery and complained that the bread he had bought the previous day had too much baking powder in it. The man at the counter told him that that was because they only served those people who wished to rise and shine.
Note the choice of tense in reported speech.
bought (simple past) → had bought (past perfect)
In the box below list the words that have been changed
List the two verbs of speaking that have been added.
- __________ that …..
- __________ that ….
Read the following dialogue
Raghu : I think one of my snakes has escaped.
Sheela : Isn’t it dangerous? You really must stop collecting snakes, Raghu.
Raghu : But I like snakes – they are unusual pets.
Sheela : But I think it’s a dangerous thing to keep such pets.
Raghu : No, they’re not dangerous; they are really… .er… .quite friendly.
Sheela : Huh, snakes require a great deal of careful handling and are still a risk.
Raghu : i don’t mind. What matters is that I like them.
Sheela : Well, quite frankly, I hate them. They are awfully frightening to look at.
Raghu : Look, I am very careful and I handle them very gently. In fact, I don’t have many.
Sheela : Have you ever been bitten?
Raghu : Well, it’s true I’ve been bitten once or twice, but…
You are a friend who has overheard this conversation between Raghu and Sheela. Write to your sister reporting it. Give the conversation an interesting, unexpected or humorous ending. (The first part has been done for you.)
Janpath
5 January 2016
Dear Varsha
As you’re very interested in Raghu and his snakes, I thought I’d tell you about a conversation I heard between him and Sheela.
He told her he thought one of his snakes had escaped and, as usual, she told him to stop collecting them because they were dangerous. (Typical of Sheela, don’t you think?)
Pronouns
Direct speech indirect speech
| masculine | feminine | plural | |
| i | he | she | they |
| you | he | she | they |
| you | him | her | them |
| your | his | her | their |
| me | him | her | them |
| my | his | her | their |
| myself | himself | herself | themselves |
| we | they | ||
| use | them, their |
WORDS DENOTING TIME AND POSITION
When the reporting verb is in the past tense, certain words denoting nearness of
time and place are changed into words denoting distance.
It is treated necessary to change the words denoting nearness to words denoting
distance because, when we report the words of a person to somebody, the place
and time of the reporting is changed.
So the reported speech must be in line with the modified time and place.
| DIRECT SPEECH | INDIRECT SPEECH |
| this | that |
| these | those |
| now | then |
| ago | before |
| last night |
the previous night the night before |
| next day |
the following day the day after |
| today | the day |
| tonight | that night |
| yesterday |
the previous day the day before |
| tomorrow |
the next day the following day the day after |
| day before yesterday | the day before the previous day or two days before |
| day after tomorrow | the day after the next day ot in two days |
| week | the following week |
| now | then |
| here | there |
