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प्रश्न
Explain the phenomenon of osmosis.
उत्तर
- The net spontaneous flow of solvent molecules into the solution or from more dilute solution to more concentrated solution through a semipermeable membrane is called osmosis.
- When a solution and pure solvent or two solutions of different concentrations are separated by a semipermeable membrane, the solvent molecules pass through the membrane. However, the rate of passage of solvent molecules into the solution or from a more dilute solution to more concentrated solution is found to be greater than the rate in the reverse direction. This is favourable since the vapour pressure of the solvent is greater than that of the solution.
- As a result of osmosis, the amount of liquid on the pure solvent side or more dilute solution side decreases. Consequently, the amount of liquid on the other side increases. This results in decrease of the concentration of solution.
Osmosis
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संबंधित प्रश्न
Determine the osmotic pressure of a solution prepared by dissolving 2.5 × 10−2 g of K2SO4 in 2L of water at 25°C, assuming that it is completely dissociated.
(R = 0.0821 L atm K−1 mol−1, Molar mass of K2SO4 = 174 g mol−1)
What happens when the external pressure applied becomes more than the osmotic pressure of solution?
A solution containing 15 g urea (molar mass = 60 g mol–1) per litre of solution in water has the same osmotic pressure (isotonic) as a solution of glucose (molar mass = 180 g mol–1) in water. Calculate the mass of glucose present in one litre of its solution.
Calculate the osmotic pressure in pascals exerted by a solution prepared by dissolving 1.0 g of polymer of molar mass 185,000 in 450 mL of water at 37°C.
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Define osmotic pressure.
Which of the following 0.1 M will aqueous solutions exert highest osmotic pressure?
(a) `Al_2(SO_4)_3`
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(c) `MgCl_2`
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Calculate the mass of a compound (molar mass = 256 g mol−1) to be dissolved in 75 g of benzene to lower its freezing point by 0.48 K (Kf = 5.12 K kg mol−1).
Define the following term:
isotonic solution
Choose the most correct option.
The osmotic pressure of blood is 7.65 atm at 310 K. An aqueous solution of glucose isotonic with blood has the percentage (by volume)________.
Answer the following.
What are isotonic and hypertonic solutions?
Answer the following.
A solvent and its solution containing a nonvolatile solute are separated by a semipermeable membrane. Does the flow of solvent occur in both directions? Comment giving a reason.
Answer the following.
The osmotic pressure of CaCl2 and urea solutions of the same concentration at the same temperature are respectively 0.605 atm and 0.245 atm, calculate van’t Hoff factor for CaCl2.
Answer the following.
Explain reverse osmosis.
Answer the following.
How molar mass of a solute is determined by osmotic pressure measurement?
An aqueous solution of a certain organic compound has a density of 1.063 g mL-1 , osmotic pressure of 12.16 atm at 25 °C and a freezing point of 1.03 °C. What is the molar mass of the compound?
Which of the following statements is applicable for 0.1 M urea solution and 0.1 M sucrose solution?
What are hypertonic solutions?
Explain the term osmosis.
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Give an example of a material used for making semipermeable membrane for carrying out reverse osmosis.
Match the items given in Column I and Column II.
| Column I | Column II |
| (i) Saturated solution | (a) Solution having same osmotic pressure at a given temperature as that of given solution. |
| (ii) Binary solution | (b) A solution whose osmotic pressure is less than that of another. |
| (iii) Isotonic solution | (c) Solution with two components. |
| (iv) Hypotonic solution | (d) A solution which contains maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given amount of solvent at a given temperature. |
| (v) Solid solution | (e) A solution whose osmotic pressure is more than that of another. |
| (vi) Hypertonic solution | (f) A solution in solid phase. |
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Isotonic solutions have same
Blood cells retain their normal shape in solution which are
In Isotonic solution
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Derive an expression to calculate molar mass of non-volatile solute by osmotic pressure measurement.
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Reason (R) : Osmotic pressure is proportional to the molality.
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Define reverse osmosis.
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Write the condition of reverse osmosis.
