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प्रश्न
Give scientific reason.
Vertebrates have slowly originated from invertebrates.
उत्तर
- The Carbon dating technique used to assess the age of fossils indicated that invertebrates were present on the earth much before the vertebrates.
- Fossils of invertebrates are found buried deep as they are very old and belong to the Palaeozoic era.
- The Cenozoic era showed the presence of mammals and birds. Their fossils were seen in the upper strata of the earth’s crust.
- It was also observed that vertebrates are more complexed than invertebrates.
Therefore, it can be said that vertebrates have slowly originated from invertebrates.
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संबंधित प्रश्न
(a) Select the analogous structures from the combination given below:
(i) Forelimbs of whales and bats
(ii) Eyes of octopus and mammals
(iii) Tuber of sweet potato and potato
(iv) Tuber of Bougainvillea and tendrils of Cucurbita
(b) State the kind of evolution they represent
Given below is the list of vegetables available in the market. Select from these the two vegetables having homologous structures:
Potato, sweet potato, ginger, radish, tomato, carrot, okra (Lady’s finger)
(A) Potato and sweet potato
(B) Radish and carrot
(C) Okra and sweet potato
(D) Potato and tomato
If you are asked to select a group of two vegetables, out of the following, having homologous structures which one would you select?
(a) Carrot and radish
(b) Potato and sweet potato
(c) Potato and tomato
(d) Lady finger and potato
Differentiate between analogy and homology giving one example each of plant and animal respectively.
How analogy and homology considered as an evidence in support of evolution ?
State a reason for the increased population of dark coloured moths coinciding with the loss of lichens (on tree barks) during industrialization period in England.
How do homologous organs help in providing evidence for organic evolution?
Human tailbone is a vestigial organ. Explain.
The organs which perform different functions but have the same basic structure are known as :
(a) homologous organs
(b) analogous organs
(c) homolytic organs
(d) analytic organs
Wing of an insect and forelimb of a bird are :
(a) analogous organs
(b) analeptic organs
(c) homologous
(d) homophobic organs
The presence of which of the following types of organs in two organisms indicates that they are derived from the same ancestor?
(a) analogous organs
(b) respiratory organs
(c) digestive organs
(d) homologous organs
One pair of organs in the following animals are not homologous. This is :
(a) forelimbs in humans and lizard
(b) forelimbs in lizard and frog
(c) wings in butterfly and bat
(d) wings in bat and bird
There are five animals A, B, C, D and E. The animal A uses its modified forelimbs for flying. The animal B uses its forelimbs for running whereas the animal C uses its forelimbs for grasping. The animal D can live on land as well as in water and uses its forelimbs to prop up the front end of its body when at rest. The animal E which respires by using spiracles and tracheae uses wings for flying but its wings are analogous to the modified forelimbs of animal A.
(a) What could the animals A, B, C, D and E be?
(b) Why are the forelimbs of animals A, B, C, D called homologous organs?
(c) What does the existence of homologous organs in animals A, B, C and D tell us about their ancestors ?
(d) Why are the modified forelimbs of animal A and the wings of animal E called analogous organs?
(e) State whether animals A and E have a common ancestor or not.
X, Y, and Z are three animals. The animal X can fly but animal Y can only run on ground or walls. The forelimbs of animals X and Y have the same basic design but they are used for different purposes such as flying and running respectively. The animal Z became extinct an long time ago. The study of fossils of Z tells us that it had some features like those of X and some like those of Y. In fact, Z is said to form a connecting link in the evolutionary chain of X and Y.
(a) What could the animals X, Y and Z be?
(b) What name is given to the forelimbs like those of X and Y which have the same basic design but different functions?
(c) Name one feature in which Z resembled X.
(d) Name one feature in which Z resembled Y.
(e) Which is the correct evolutionary chain involving X, Y and Z : X → Z → Y or Y → Z → X?
The organs P and Q of two animals have different structures but similar functions. On the other hand, the two organs R and S of two other animals have the same basic structure but different functions.
(a) What are the organs like P and Q known as?
(b) Name the organs like P and Q. Also name the animals which have such organs.
(c) What are the organs like R and S called?
(d) Name the organs like R and S. Also name the animals which have such organs.
In a class, students were asked to observe the models/slides/pictures of the skeletons of forelimbs and wings of different organisms. After the observations the students made the following groups of homologous structures. Select the correct group :
(A) Wings of a bird and a butterfly
(B) Wings of a pigeon and a bat
(C) Wings of a butterfly and a bat
(D) Forelimbs of a cow, a duck and a lizard
_______ is a connecting link between Annelida and Arthropoda.
Define phylogeny.
Very short answer question.
What are homologous organs?
Very short answer question:
What is vestigeal organ?
Find an odd one out.
I am a connecting link between reptiles and mammals. Who am I?
Give scientific reason.
Peripatus is said to be the connecting link between Annelida and Arthropoda.
Which evidence of evolution is shown in the given picture? Explain the importance of this evidence.
A human hand, a front leg of a cat, a front flipper of a whale and a bat’s wing look dissimilar and adapted for different functions. What is the name given to these organs?
Basic principles of embryonic development were pronounced by:
The process of mating of individuals, which are more closing related than the average of the population to which they belong is called ______.
Flippers of Penguins and Dolphins are examples of:
Organs having similar functions but different origin and development are known as:
Appearance of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is an example of ______.
Did aquatic life forms get fossilised? If, yes where do we come across such fossils?
Give an example for convergent evolution and identify the features towards which they are converging.
I am the connecting link of annelida and arthropoda. What is my name?
Give a scientific reason.
Morphological evidences suggest that dog, sheep and wolf have a common origin.
