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प्रश्न
Observe the figure and write the answers to the questions asked.
- Name the above figure.
- What is it used for?
- Which gas is formed in it?
- How is this gas formed?
- What is done with sewage?
उत्तर
- The given figure represents the Modern landfill site
- It is used for disposal of degradable waste in urban areas.
- Methane gas is formed in landfill pits.
- Microbes present in the soil decompose the waste resulting in the formation of methane gas.
- i. In villages, domestic sewage is disposed of either in nearby soil or in biogas plants, whereas in cities, sewage is carried to a processing unit and acted upon by microbial processes.
ii. This sewage is acted upon by microbes that destroy the pathogens and decompose carbon and xenobiotic compounds in the sewage.
iii. The sludge that settles down in the process can be then used as fertilizer while the water released after microbial treatment is environmentally safe.
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Read the following paragraph and write the answers to the questions asked.
Sulphuric acid is present in the acid rain and materials coming out of mines. You know that erosion of metals present in statues, bridges and buildings occurs due to it. Sulphuric acid is a source of energy for some species of bacteria like Acidiphilium spp. and Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans. Hence, these bacteria can control the soil pollution occurring due to acid rain. Water soluble salts of uranium are present in the wastes produced during electroplating and in effluent released in the environment from the atomic energy plant. Geobacter convert these salts of uranium into insoluble salts and thereby prevent those salts from mixing with groundwater sources.
- What causes metal erosion in statues, bridges and buildings?
- Sulphuric acid is the source of energy for which bacteria?
- What kind of pollution do these bacteria control?
- What are the water soluble salts in atomic energy plants and in the process of electroplating?
- Which bacteria prevent these salts from mixing with ground water by converting them Into insoluble salts?
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How are microbes useful in the industry?
The first antibiotic ______ was developed by ______.
Baker’s yeast is ______.
Which enzyme was used earlier for cheese production?
Complete the chart on production of beverages.
| S. No. | Fruit | Microbe used | Role of microbe used | Name of beverage |
| (a) | Caffea arabica | ______ | Separating seeds from fruit | Coffee |
| (b) | Theobroma cacao | Candida, Hansenula, Pichia, Saccharomyces | ______ | Cocoa |
