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प्रश्न
Taking hydrogen chloride and methane as examples, distinguish between a polar covalent bond and a non polar covalent bond.
उत्तर
Hydrogen chloride has a polar covalent bond because in hydrogen chloride the higher electronegativity of chlorine atom attracts the shared electron pair towards itself. As a result, the chlorine atom gets a partial negative charge while the hydrogen atom gets a partial positive charge. Hence such a covalent bond with charge separation is called polar covalent bond.
While methane has a non polar covalent bond because in case of methane molecule the shared electron pairs are at equal distance from the carbon and hydrogen atoms, because neither the carbon atom nor the hydrogen atom has enough electronegativity difference between each other to attract the shared pairs of electrons towards itself. Hence no charge separation occurs in the covalent bond due to which it is called non polar covalent bond.
Concept Insight: When a covalent bond is formed between the atoms of the same elements of equal electronegativity then the electron pairs are shared equally between the atoms and the bond so formed is called non polar covalent bond. On the other hand, if the covalent bond is formed between atoms of different elements, with difference in electro negativity, the electrons are not shared equally between the atoms. The more electronegative atom pulls the bonded pair of electrons towards itself and acquires negative charge while the other less electro negative atom acquires positive charge and the bond becomes polar covalent bond.
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संबंधित प्रश्न
Out of KCl, HCl, CCl4 and NaCl, the compounds which are not ionic are:
(a) KCl and HCl
(b) HCl and CCl4
(c) CCl4 and NaCl
(d) KCl and CCl4
Two non-metals combine with each other by the sharing of electrons to form a compound X.
(a) What type of chemical bond is present in X?
(b) State whether X will have a high melting point or low melting point.
(c) Will it be a good conductor of electricity or not?
(d) Will it dissolve in an organic solvent or not?
The electronic configurations of two elements A and B are given below:
| A | 2, 6 |
| B | 2, 8, 1 |
(a) What type of chemical bond is formed between the two atoms of A?
(b) What type of chemical bond will be formed between the atoms of A and B?
State the type of bonding in the following molecule.
Methane
Draw all possible structural formulae of compound from their molecular formula given below.
C3H8
Explain the Structural isomerism term with example.
In the formation of electrovalent compounds, electrons are transferred from one element to another. How are electrons involved in the formation of a covalent compound?
Explain the following:
Polar covalent compounds conduct electricity?
Define the functional group and complete the following table.
| S.I. No. | Functional Group | Compound | Formula |
| (1) | ______________ | _______________ |
C2H5OH |
| (2) | _______________ | _______________ | CH3CHO |
