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प्रश्न
What is meant by ‘birth rate’ and ‘death rate’? Explain why the birth rate is relatively slow to fall while the death rate declines much faster.
उत्तर
Birth rate and death rate are fundamental concepts in Demography.
Birth rate :- It refers to the total number of births in a particular area, which can be the entire country, a state or any territorial unit during a specific period.
- Crude birth rate in expressed through the following method : B/p x 1000
B = Number of births, P = Entire population - It is crude birth rate because it does not include the ratio of bearing age.
- Birth rate can be defined as the number of live births per thousand persons in a years.
- Birth rate gets significantly affected by Age of marriage, infertility, climatic conditions, social condition, religious beliefs and education.
Death rate :- It is the number of deaths per thousands persons in a year in a particular area, which can be the entire country, a state or any other territorial unit.
Causes of slow birth rate :-
Birth rate is relatively slow while the death rate can be brought down at much faster rate for the following reasons:
- Public health measures and medical advancement can control the death rate immediately. Everybody wants good health and wants to live a long life. Because of the love for life everybody adopts all medical and technological measures with high level of motivation.
Birth rate continues to be high because it is related to attitude, beliefs and values of people. Birth rate is related to religious beliefs and by and large it is socio-cultural phenomena which is significantly slow to change.
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संबंधित प्रश्न
Explain the basic argument of the theory of demographic transition. Why is the transition period associated with a ‘population explosion’?
The ______ refers to the number of live births per 1000 women in the child-bearing age group, usually taken to be 15 to 49 years.
Identify one of the reasons for population explosion.
The book "An essay on the principle of population" was written by ______.
Who is related with the theory of population growth?
According to Robert Malthus, population rises in ____________ progression whereas agricultural production grows in ____________ progression.
Which of the following does not lead to population explosion?
Demographic data are not important for which of the following?
Demographic dividend is related to the people of ______.
“The power of population is so superior to the power of the earth to produce subsistence for man, that premature death must in some shape or other visit the human race. The vices of mankind are active and able ministers of depopulation. They are the precursors in the great army of destruction and often finish the dreadful work themselves. But should they fail in this war of extermination, sickly seasons, epidemics, pestilence, and plague advance in terrific array, and sweep off their thousands and tens of thousands. Should success be still incomplete, gigantic inevitable famine stalks in the rear, and with one mighty blow levels the population with the food of the world.” – Thomas Robert Malthus, An essay on the principle of population, 1798.
What does Malthus refer to as ‘success’?
“The power of population is so superior to the power of the earth to produce subsistence for man, that premature death must in some shape or other visit the human race. The vices of mankind are active and able ministers of depopulation. They are the precursors in the great army of destruction and often finish the dreadful work themselves. But should they fail in this war of extermination, sickly seasons, epidemics, pestilence, and plague advance in terrific array, and sweep off their thousands and tens of thousands. Should success be still incomplete, gigantic inevitable famine stalks in the rear, and with one mighty blow levels the population with the food of the world.” – Thomas Robert Malthus, An essay on the principle of population, 1798.
Is the ‘mighty blow’ that Malthus refers to a preventive or a positive check?
Which of the following will not be considered as a Primary group?
Which among the following thinker gave the theory on population growth?
The second stage of demographic transition is called
Which states in India are near the 'replacement levels' of population growth?
In the theory of demographic transition, there are three basic phases of population growth. The first stage is that of ______ in a society that is underdeveloped and technologically backward. Growth rates are low because both the death rate and the birth rate are very high, so that the difference between the two is low.
Demographic dividend is related to the people of
The changing age structure offers a demographic divided for India. Identify from the following choices, the relevant age range that allows for demographic divided?
What does the population reach, when the growth rate is 0?
Who is related with theory of population growth?
| Table 3: The Declining Sex-ratio in India, 1901-2011 | ||||
| Year |
Sex ratio (all age groups) |
Variation over the previous decade | Child Sex ratio (0-6 years) | Variation over the previous decade |
| 1901 | 972 | - | - | - |
| 1911 | 964 | -8 | - | - |
| 1921 | 955 | -9 | - | - |
| 1931 | 950 | -5 | - | - |
| 1941 | 945 | -5 | - | - |
| 1951 | 946 | +1 | - | - |
| 1961 | 941 | -5 | 976 | - |
| 1971 | 930 | -11 | 964 | -12 |
| 1981 | 934 | +4 | 962 | -2 |
| 1991 | 927 | -7 | 945 | -17 |
| 2001 | 933 | +6 | 927 | -18 |
| 2011 | 943 | +10 | 919 | -8 |
| Note: The sex ratio is defined as the number of females per 1000 males; Data on age-specific sex ratios are not available before 1961. |
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- Give reasons for the declining sex ratio.
- In your opinion, what steps should be taken to deal with this bias against the girl-child?
Which of the following statements is true in the scenario of high fertility rate?
