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Question
What is meant by ‘birth rate’ and ‘death rate’? Explain why the birth rate is relatively slow to fall while the death rate declines much faster.
Solution
Birth rate and death rate are fundamental concepts in Demography.
Birth rate :- It refers to the total number of births in a particular area, which can be the entire country, a state or any territorial unit during a specific period.
- Crude birth rate in expressed through the following method : B/p x 1000
B = Number of births, P = Entire population - It is crude birth rate because it does not include the ratio of bearing age.
- Birth rate can be defined as the number of live births per thousand persons in a years.
- Birth rate gets significantly affected by Age of marriage, infertility, climatic conditions, social condition, religious beliefs and education.
Death rate :- It is the number of deaths per thousands persons in a year in a particular area, which can be the entire country, a state or any other territorial unit.
Causes of slow birth rate :-
Birth rate is relatively slow while the death rate can be brought down at much faster rate for the following reasons:
- Public health measures and medical advancement can control the death rate immediately. Everybody wants good health and wants to live a long life. Because of the love for life everybody adopts all medical and technological measures with high level of motivation.
Birth rate continues to be high because it is related to attitude, beliefs and values of people. Birth rate is related to religious beliefs and by and large it is socio-cultural phenomena which is significantly slow to change.
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