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Question
Why did Malthus believe that catastrophic events like famines and epidemics that cause mass deaths were inevitable?
Solution
English political economist Thomas Robert Malthus argued that human population tend to grow at a much faster rates than the rate which the means of human subsistence (land, agriculture) can grow.
He said population rises in geometric progression whereas agricultural production can only grow in Arithmetic progression.
Malthus believed that positive checks to population growth in the form of famines and diseases, was inevitable. These are nature’s way of dealing with the balance between food supply and increasing population.
According to him, these natural checks are extremely painful and difficult. lthough it helps to achieve a balance between population and subsistence by increasing the death rate.
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| Table 3: The Declining Sex-ratio in India, 1901-2011 | ||||
| Year |
Sex ratio (all age groups) |
Variation over the previous decade | Child Sex ratio (0-6 years) | Variation over the previous decade |
| 1901 | 972 | - | - | - |
| 1911 | 964 | -8 | - | - |
| 1921 | 955 | -9 | - | - |
| 1931 | 950 | -5 | - | - |
| 1941 | 945 | -5 | - | - |
| 1951 | 946 | +1 | - | - |
| 1961 | 941 | -5 | 976 | - |
| 1971 | 930 | -11 | 964 | -12 |
| 1981 | 934 | +4 | 962 | -2 |
| 1991 | 927 | -7 | 945 | -17 |
| 2001 | 933 | +6 | 927 | -18 |
| 2011 | 943 | +10 | 919 | -8 |
| Note: The sex ratio is defined as the number of females per 1000 males; Data on age-specific sex ratios are not available before 1961. |
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