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Mental health professionals have attempted to understand psychological disorders using different approaches through the ages. Today, we have sophisticated facilities and hospitals dedicated to the treatment of the mentally ill. While studying the history of psychological disorders it is interesting to note that some practices from ancient times are still in use. Take the case of Lakshmi and her daughter, Maya. Maya exhibits abnormal behaviours and Lakshmi believes that this is because of evil spirits that have possessed her. She has been taking her daughter to a self-proclaimed healer, who uses counter-magic and prayer to cure her. Stigma and lack of awareness prevents Lakshmi from using the modern facilities and hospitals that provide quality mental health care. On the other hand, when young Rita reported seeing people and hearing voices, mental health professionals at a modern facility were able to understand her hallucinations using a convergence of three approaches. Psychologists use official manuals like the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders – 5 th Edition (DSM-5) and International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) to indicate presence or absence of disorders. Today there is increased compassion for people who suffer from disorders and a lot of emphasis is placed on providing community care. |
Identify the method used by the healer to cure Maya’s illness. How does this theory from ancient times explain Maya’s treatment?
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Mental health professionals have attempted to understand psychological disorders using different approaches through the ages. Today, we have sophisticated facilities and hospitals dedicated to the treatment of the mentally ill. While studying the history of psychological disorders it is interesting to note that some practices from ancient times are still in use. Take the case of Lakshmi and her daughter, Maya. Maya exhibits abnormal behaviours and Lakshmi believes that this is because of evil spirits that have possessed her. She has been taking her daughter to a self-proclaimed healer, who uses counter-magic and prayer to cure her. Stigma and lack of awareness prevents Lakshmi from using the modern facilities and hospitals that provide quality mental health care. On the other hand, when young Rita reported seeing people and hearing voices, mental health professionals at a modern facility were able to understand her hallucinations using a convergence of three approaches. Psychologists use official manuals like the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders – 5 th Edition (DSM-5) and International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) to indicate presence or absence of disorders. Today there is increased compassion for people who suffer from disorders and a lot of emphasis is placed on providing community care. |
Which approach do you think would best explain Rita’s treatment? How do you think DSM-5 and ICD-10 help mental health professionals in indicating the presence or absence of disorders?
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Which of the following are the dimensions of stress?
- Intensity
- Duration
- Predictability
- Vulnerability
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Imran feels disappointed when he is not able to do everything perfectly, leading him to push himself to achieve unrealistically high standards. Identify the cause of his stress.
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Which of the following is/are true about psychological disorders in the middle ages?
- Demonology and superstition were used as explanations for psychological disorders.
- Mental anguish and conflict were considered reasons for psychological disorders.
- Disturbed interpersonal relationships were emphasised to explain mental disorders.
- There was an emphasis on deinstitutionalization for people with psychological disorders.
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Assertion (A): The principle of reciprocal inhibition states that the presence of two mutually opposing forces at the same time will lead to the stronger force inhibiting the weaker one.
Reason (R): The principle of reciprocal inhibition is a procedure wherein the client learns to behave in a certain way by observing the behaviour of the therapist.
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What is the chief benefit to the client in cognitive therapy?
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Assertion (A): We assign causes to the behaviour shown in specific social situations. This process is called attribution.
Reason (R): We are also interested in why people behave in the ways they do. Therefore, we assign a cause to behaviour.
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A working group was formed to organise the annual sports competition in a school. At a particular stage, there was a lot of conflict in the group. Identify this stage and the stage that is likely to follow it.
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Assertion (A): The situation and circumstances in which one is placed influence one’s behaviour.
Reason (R): The situational influences are so powerful that individuals with similar personality traits respond to them in almost the same ways.
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State any two ethical standards that need to be practiced by professional psychotherapists.
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Explain any two elements of a group structure.
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Ananya had been trying to learn a new form of dance to win a competition. She decided to join a dance group that was also practicing the same dance form. Identify the reason for Ananya wanting to join the dance group. Explain some of the other reasons that make people join groups.
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Mukesh was given therapy that encouraged him to seek personal growth and actualise his potential. Based on these principles, explain the therapy that is being applied here.
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Shyam believes that he should be loved by everybody, all the time. Most of his beliefs have a 'must' or 'should' component. When things don't go his way, he feels distressed. Suggest a suitable therapy that will make Shyam think deeper about his irrational belief system and help him to feel better.
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Mary found herself very lonely when she joined a new college, but soon felt at ease when she made friends and became a member of a 'hobby group' too. With the help of this example, discuss the conditions that lead to group formation.
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Discuss the various techniques used in behaviour therapy to eliminate faulty behaviours.
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Assertion (A): Psychological Stress is the stress that we generate for ourselves in our minds.
Reason (R): These psychological stresses do not have any impact on our physiological being.
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Sonali spends hours reading about her favorite actor. She is preoccupied with thinking and researching about him and when asked to study she gets violent. To diagnose her disorder, a clinical psychologist would need to know:
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Harpreet’s mother ignores her when she throws tantrums if asked to keep her room tidy. However, she appreciates Harpreet when she arranges her toys after playtime. The method being used is known as ______.
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