Structure of the Cell - Plastids

Plastids are present only in plant cells. They also have their own DNA and ribosomes. There are two types of plastids: chromoplasts (coloured plastids) and leucoplasts (white or colourless plastids).

• Chromoplasts containing the pigment chlorophyll are known as chloroplasts. And chlorophyll plays a significant role in photosynthesis. Chromoplasts provide various colours to flowers and fruits.
• Leucoplasts are primarily organelles in which materials such as starch, oils, and protein granules are stored. 

• Chloroplasts are crucial for photosynthesis, which occurs in the leaves. It converts solar energy into chemical energy (food).
• The stroma of chloroplasts holds enzymes, DNA, ribosomes, and carbohydrates needed for photosynthesis.
• Mitochondria and plastids can make proteins and replicate because they have their own DNA and ribosomes.
• Cell organelles work together to ensure all functions in plant and animal cells run smoothly, a characteristic of eukaryotic cells.
• Chloroplasts can get converted into other types of chromoplasts.

For example, raw green tomatoes turn red due to the breakdown of chlorophyll and the synthesis of lycopene.

Mitochondria and plastids can make proteins and replicate on their own because they have their own DNA and ribosomes. Organelles ensure all processes in plant and animal cells function smoothly, making these cells eukaryotic. Unlike eukaryotic cells, prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria, do not have well-developed organelles.