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प्रश्न
Answer any four of the following questions in 30 - 40 words each :
(a) What kind of gold did the people of Seemapuri look for in the garbage ? (Lost Spring)
(b) Why did Gandhi tell the court that he was involved in a 'conflict of duties' ?
(c) How do we get joy from life which is otherwise full of sorrows ? (A Thing of Beauty)
(d) For Aunt Jennifer, what do the tigers symbolise ?
(e) What made the chief astrologer place his finger on his nose ? (The Tiger King)
(f) On the seventh day after the American soldier was found by Dr. Sadao two things happened. Why did Hana feel scared of the second ?
उत्तर
a) To the people of Seemapuri, garbage was gold. Their rooting through the garbage would occasionally turn up a rupee, even a ten-rupee note and that would give them the hope to continue scrounging for more.
b) Gandhi told the court that he was involved in a conflict of duties because on one hand, he was obliged not to set a bad example as a lawbreaker and on the other hand, it was important for him to render humanitarian and national service for which he had come.
c) A thing of beauty brings a peaceful splendour into our lives and disperses the gloom that is a constant companion of our mortality. It brightens gloomy days and the unhealthy, darkened recesses of our minds. It removes the pall that our dark spirits cast upon us by the lightness of its beauty.
d) The bold images of the tigers are contrasted with the timidity of the woman, Aunt Jennifer, who creates them. They are fearless and assertive, unlike their creator who leads an ordered and conventional life under the shadow of her husband. The tigers are symbolic of her wish for a free rein to her womanhood, independent of her role as someone’s wife.
e) The chief astrologer had placed his finger on his nose in wonder. He was astonished at the remarkable feat of a barely ten days old baby who had opened its lips in speech and raised intelligent questions.
f) The second thing that happened on the seventh day was the arrival of a messenger at their door in official uniform. This frightened Hana because she feared that the servants might have told the authorities about the couple hiding an enemy soldier.
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The Sherpas were nomadic people who first migrated from Tibet approximately 600 years ago, through the Nangpa La pass and settled in the Solukhumbu District, Nepal. These nomadic people then gradually moved westward along salt trade routes. During 14th century, Sherpa ancestors migrated from Kham. The group of people from the Kham region, east of Tibet, was called “Shyar Khamba”. The inhabitants of Shyar Khamba, were called Sherpa. Sherpa migrants travelled through Ü and Tsang, before crossing the Himalayas. According to Sherpa oral history, four groups migrated out of Solukhumbu at different times, giving rise to the four fundamental Sherpa clans: Minyagpa, Thimmi, Sertawa and Chawa. These four groups have since split into the more than 20 different clans that exist today
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The transformation began when the Sherpa Tenzing Norgay and the New Zealander Edmund Hillary scaled Everest in 1953. Edmund Hillary took efforts to build schools and health clinics to raise the living standards of the Sherpas. Thus life in Khumbu improved due to the efforts taken by Edmund Hillary and hence he was known as ‘Sherpa King’.
Sherpas working on the Everest generally tend to perish one by one, casualties of crevasse falls, avalanches, and altitude sickness. Some have simply disappeared on the mountain, never to be seen again. Apart from the bad seasons in 1922, 1970 and 2014 they do not die en masse. Sherpas carry the heaviest loads and pay the highest prices on the world’s tallest mountain. In some ways, Sherpas have benefited from the commercialization of the Everest more than any group, earning income from thousands of climbers and trekkers drawn to the mountain. While interest in climbing Everest grew gradually over the decades after the first ascent, it wasn’t until the 1990s that the economic motives of commercial guiding on Everest began. This leads to eclipse the amateur impetus of traditional mountaineering. Climbers looked after each other for the love of adventure and “the brotherhood of the rope” now are tending to mountain businesses. Sherpas have taken up jobs as guides to look after clients for a salary. Commercial guiding agencies promised any reasonably fit person a shot at Everest.
