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प्रश्न
Can you list 10 recombinant proteins which are used in medical practice? Find out where they are used as therapeutics (use the internet).
उत्तर
Recombinant proteins are obtained from the recombinant DNA technology. This technology involves the transfer of specific genes from an organism into another organism using vectors and restriction enzymes as molecular tools.
Ten recombinant proteins used in medical practice are −
| Recombinant protein | Therapeutic use |
| Insulin | Treatment for type I diabetes mellitus |
| Interferon-α | Used for chronic hepatitis C |
| Interferon-α | Used against herpes and viral enteritis |
| Coagulation factor VIII | Treatment of haemophilia A |
| Coagulation factor IX | Treatment of haemophilia B |
| DNAase I | Treatment of cystic fibrosis |
| Anti-thrombin III | Prevention of blood clot |
| Interferon B | For treatment of multiple sclerosis |
| Human recombinant growth hormone | For promoting growth in an individual |
| Tissue plasminogen activator | Treatment of acute myocardial infarction |
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संबंधित प्रश्न
Draw a labelled sketch of sparged-stirred-tank bioreactor. Write its application.
Besides better aeration and mixing properties, what other advantages do stirred tank bioreactors have over shake flasks?
Can you recall meiosis and indicate at what stage a recombinant DNA is made?
Describe briefly the following:
Downstream processing
Explain briefly:
Chitinase
State the importance of using a bioreactor.
Which of the following term used for defining a viral genome incorporated into host DNA?
DNA fragments generated by the restriction endonuclease in a chemical reaction can be separated by ______.
PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism are the methods for ______.
A single strand of nucleic acid tagged with a radioactive molecule is called ______.
Blood stains are found at the site of a murder. It DNA profiling technique is to be used for identifying the criminals, which of the following is ideal for use?
During the purification process for recombinant DNA technology, the addition of chilled ethanol precipitates out ______.
During the process of gene amplification using PCR, if a very high temperature is not maintained in the beginning, then which of the following steps of PCR will be affected first?
A bacterial cell was transformed with a recombinant DNA molecule that was generated using a human gene. However, the transformed cells did not produce the desired protein. Reasons could be ______.
How is copy number of the plasmid vector related to yield of recombinant protein?
Do biomolecules (DNA, protein) exhibit biological activity in anhydrous conditions?
Read the paragraph given below and answer and questions that follow:
| Enzyme Taq polymerase, is extracted from a eubacterial microorganism Thermus aquaticus from Yellowstone National Park in Montana, USA and isolated by Chien et al. (1976). Taq polymerase successfully replaced the DNA polymerase from E.coli that was being used in PCR earlier and this shift revolutionised the PCR technique. |
- Taq polymerase after its discovery replaced E.coli DNA polymerase in PCR technique. Explain giving reasons why was the need felt for the change?
- What is a primer and its importance in PCR?
- Write the importance of PCR as a diagnostic tool.
Assertion (A): Synthetic oligonucleotide polymers are used during Annealing in a PCR.
Reason (R): The primers bind to the double stranded DNA at their complementary regions.
Bioreactors are the containment vehicles of any biotechnology-based production process. For large scale production and for economic reasons the final success of biotechnological process depends on the efficiency of the bioreactor.
Answer the following questions w.r.t. the given paragraph:
- List the operational guidelines that must be adhered to so as to achieve optimisation of the bioreactor system. Enlist any four.
- Mention the phase of the growth we refer to in the statement "Optimisation of growth and metabolic activity of the cells".
- Is the biological product formed in the bioreactor suitable for the intended use immediate? Give reason in support of your answer.
