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प्रश्न
Derive an expression for pressure-volume work.
उत्तर
- Consider a certain amount of gas at constant pressure P is enclosed in a cylinder fitted with the frictionless, rigid movable piston of area A. Let the volume of the gas be V1 at temperature T. This is shown in the below diagram.
- On expansion, the force exerted by a gas is equal to area of the piston multiplied by pressure with which the gas pushes against the piston. This pressure is equal in magnitude and opposite in sign to the external atmospheric pressure that opposes the movement and has its value – Pext.
Thus,
f = – Pext × A …(1)
where, Pext is the external atmospheric pressure. - If the piston moves out a distance d, then the amount of work done is equal to the force multiplied by distance.
W = f × d …(2)
Substituting equation (1) in (2) gives
W = – Pext × A × d …(3) - The product of area of the piston and distance it moves is the volume change (ΔV) in the system.
∆V = A × d …(4)
Combining equation (3) and (4), we get
W = – Pext ∆V
W = – Pext (V2 − V1)
Where V2 is the final volume of the gas.
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